Table 7.
Therapies proven effective in diabetes prevention trials
| Study (ref.) | n | Population | Mean age (years) | Duration (years) | Intervention (daily dose) | Incidence in control subjects (%/year) | Relative risk reduction (%) (95% CI) | 3-Year number needed to treat* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifestyle | ||||||||
| Finnish DPS (12) | 522 | IGT, BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 55 | 3.2 | I-D&E | 6 | 58 (30–70) | 8.5 |
| DPP (11) | 2,161† | IGT, BMI ≥24 kg/m2, FPG >5.3 mmol/l | 51 | 3 | I-D&E | 10.4 | 58 (48–66) | 6.9 |
| Da Qing (13) | 259† | IGT (randomized groups) | 45 | 6 | G-D&E | 14.5 | 38 (14–56) | 7.9 |
| Toranomon Study (31) | 458 | IGT (men), BMI = 24 kg/m2 | ∼55 | 4 | I-D&E | 2.4 | 67 (P < 0.043)‡ | 20.6 |
| Indian DPP (17) | 269† | IGT | 46 | 2.5 | I-D&E | 23 | 29 (21–37) | 6.4 |
| Medications | ||||||||
| DPP (11) | 2,155† | IGT, BMI >24 kg/m2, FPG >5.3 mmol/l | 51 | 2.8 | Metformin (1,700 mg) | 10.4 | 31 (17–43) | 13.9 |
| Indian DPP (17) | 269† | IGT | 46 | 2.5 | Metformin (500 mg) | 23 | 26 (19–35) | 6.9 |
| STOP NIDDM (15) | 1,419 | IGT, FPG >5.6 mmol/l | 54 | 3.2 | Acarbose (300 mg) | 12.4 | 25 (10–37) | 9.6 |
| XENDOS (32) | 3,277 | BMI >30 kg/m2 | 43 | 4 | Orlistat (360 mg) | 2.4 | 37 (14–54) | 45.5 |
| DREAM (16) | 5,269 | IGT or IFG | 55 | 3.0 | Rosiglitazone (8 mg) | 9.1 | 60 (54–65) | 6.9 |
| Voglibose Ph-3 (33) | 1,780 | IGT | 56 | 3.0 (1-year Rx) | Vogliobose (0.2 mg) | 12.0 | 40 (18–57) | 21 (1-year Rx) |
| ACT-NOW (34) | 602 | IGT or IFG | 52 | 2.6 | Pioglitizone (45 mg) | 6.8 | 81 (61–91) | 6.3 |
Modified and reprinted with permission (35). Percentage points:
*Number needed to treat to prevent 1 case of diabetes, standardized for a 3-year period to improve comparisons across studies.
†Number of participants in the indicated comparisons, not necessarily in entire study.
‡Calculated from information in the article. ACT-NOW, ACTos Now Study for the Prevention of Diabetes; DPP, Diabetes Prevention Program; DPS, Diabetes Prevention Study; DREAM, Diabetes Reduction Assessment with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone Medication; STOP NIDDM, Study to Prevent Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes; XENDOS, Xenical in the prevention of Diabetes in Obese Subjects. I, individual; G, group; D&E, diet and exercise.