Table 3.

Prognostic Genetic Characteristics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Favorable risk factors

t(15;17)(q22;q12) PML-RARA

t(8;21)(q22;q22) RUNX1-RUNX1T1

inv(16)(p13;q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22) CBFB-MYH11

NPM1 mutation when FLT3 internal tandem duplication is absent and cytogenetics are normal

CEBPA mutation (correlates with erythroid differentiation and higher hemoglobin)

Intermediate risk group

Normal karyotype*

FLT3 internal tandem duplication with NPM1 mutation and normal cytogenetics

KIT mutation with t(8;21) or inv(16)

+8 only

t(9;11) AF9-MLL only

Abnormalities not otherwise listed

Unfavorable risk factors

Complex karyotype (≥3 abnormalities)

Monosomal karyotype (≥2 autosomal monosomies, or a single one plus ≥1 structural defect)

−5, −7 or other autosomal monosomy

del(5q) or del(7q)

11q23 MLL translocation, excluding t(9;11) AF9-MLL

MLL partial tandem duplication with normal cytogenetics

inv(3)(q21;q26) or t(3;3)(q21;q26) RPN1-EVI1 or MDS1-EVI1

EVI1 overexpression

17p abnormality or TP53 mutation

FLT3 internal tandem duplication when NPM1 mutation is absent and cytogenetics are normal

t(9;22)(q34;q11) BCR-ABL1

t(6;9)(p23;q34) DEK-CAN

ERG overexpression without FLT3 ITD when cytogenetics are normal

BAALC overexpression with normal cytogenetics

MN1 overexpression with normal cytogenetics

WT1 mutation with normal cytogenetics

TET2 mutation

Prognostic categorization may vary by analytic method, patient population, study design, and other variables.

^*Loss of X or Y chromosome is not considered an abnormality for purposes of prognosis.