IL-11 is regulated by PGF2α via the calcium-calcineurin-NFAT pathway. IL-11 mRNA expression (A) and protein secretion (B) in FPS cells treated for 24 hours, respectively, with vehicle, 100 nmol/L PGF2α (P = 0.01), 100 nmol/L PGF2α in the absence/presence of AL8810 (50 μmol/L; P = 0.001), YM254890 (1 μmol/L; P = 0.02), RO-318220 (1 μmol/L; P = 0.01), 4-cyano-3-methylisoquinoline (4C3MQ) (1 μmol/L; P = 0.12), EGTA (1.5 mmol/L; P = 0.03), cyclosporine A (CsA) (1 μmol/L; P = 0.03), or Inca-6 (40 μmol/L; P = 0.03) as determined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis and ELISA, respectively. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; PGF treatment is significantly different from PGF and inhibitor treatment or PGF and vehicle control treatment at the previously listed values. RCAN1-4 mRNA (C) and protein expression (D) in FPS cells treated with 100 nmol/L PGF2α for 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours as determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.001 for PGF treatment compared vehicle control treatment at each time point. E: FPS cells were infected with either RAD60 control adenovirus or RCAN1-4 adenovirus for 24 hours or left uninfected. Cells were then treated with vehicle or 100 nmol/L PGF2α for 24 hours and IL-11 mRNA, and protein expression (F) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis and ELISA, respectively. Data are represented as mean ± SEM for PGF treatment compared with vehicle control treatment for mRNA (E, *P = 0.03) and protein (F, *P = 0.02).