Table 1.
Characteristics of NHANES participants (1999–2006) without self-reported diabetes, by A1C and fasting plasma glucose
| A1C <6.5% |
A1C ≥6.5% |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPG <126 mg/dl | FPG ≥126 mg/dl | FPG <126 mg/dl | FPG ≥126 mg/dl | |
| n | 6,541 | 142 | 45 | 162 |
| Prevalence (95% CI) | 95.9 (95.3–96.5) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) |
| Age (years) | 44.7 ± 0.4† | 60.0 ± 1.6* | 53.1 ± 2.7 | 57.2 ± 1.5 |
| Women (%) | 52.9 | 36.3 | 39.8 | 38.7 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white (%) | 76.2* | 81.9 | 64.9 | 59.5 |
| Non-Hispanic black (%) | 10.7† | 7.4‡ | 25.9 | 14.9 |
| Hispanic (%) | 13.0 | 10.6 | 9.3 | 25.6 |
| Current smoker (%) | 23.8 | 15.1 | 16.5 | 22.8 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121.3 ± 0.3 | 137.6 ± 1.9 | 130.0 ± 4.5 | 132.3 ± 2.6 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.1 ± 0.3 | 72.0 ± 1.4 | 75.8 ± 3.7 | 71.2 ± 1.7 |
| Hypertension (%) | 25.3 | 65.2 | 52.7 | 56.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.9 ± 0.1* | 31.2 ± 0.6 | 34.1 ± 2.5 | 32.7 ± 0.8 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 95.5 ± 0.3* | 107.5 ± 1.2 | 112.9 ± 6.5 | 110.1 ± 1.6 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 200.9 ± 0.8 | 198.8 ± 4.8 | 196.5 ± 6.7 | 215.2 ± 5.7 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 53.4 ± 0.3 | 49.1 ± 1.3 | 47.7 ± 3.7 | 44.3 ± 1.1 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)§ | 112 (78–164) | 147 (106–214) | 127 (88–151) | 178 (128–257)‡ |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate | ||||
| <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 7.4 | 21.6 | 17.0 | 15.6 |
| Microalbuminuria (%) | 7.0 | 24.2 | 14.7 | 29.6 |
| Hb (g/dl) | 14.6 ± 0.1 | 15.0 ± 0.2† | 14.3 ± 0.2 | 15.1 ± 0.1† |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 4.29 ± 0.01 | 4.25 ± 0.04 | 4.17 ± 0.08 | 4.18 ± 0.03 |
| Ferritin (ng/ml)§ | 67 (31–136)† | 137 (77–253) | 122 (57–139) | 219 (96–293)* |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (units/l) | 24.9 ± 0.2 | 28.3 ± 1.8 | 30.0 ± 3.3 | 27.7 ± 1.8 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (unites/l) | 25.6 ± 0.3† | 30.7 ± 2.0 | 36.2 ± 3.7 | 33.6 ± 2.6 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l)§ | 1.9 (0.7–4.4)† | 2.2 (1.2–6.2)* | 4.2 (2.1–12.9) | 4.1 (2.5–9.0) |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 95.5 ± 0.3 | 136.9 ± 1.1 | 110.6 ± 2.2 | 199.9 ± 7.7 |
| A1C (%) | 5.26 ± 0.01 | 5.82 ± 0.05 | 6.92 ± 0.14 | 8.34 ± 0.19 |
§Data are means ± SE or percent, except variables denoted by §, which are medians (25th to 75th percentiles).
*P < 0.05;
†P < 0.01;
‡P < 0.001 compared with individuals with A1C ≥6.5% and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) <126 mg/dl (after age adjustment).