FIG. 5.

The MV C^ko mutant induces IFN-β through the IPS-1 adapter signal transduction pathway. (A). Total RNA was prepared from parental PKR⁺ cells, either uninfected or infected with C^ko virus, following transient knockdown utilizing siRNAs against luciferase as a control (siLUC), IPS-1, PKR, or TRIF. IFN-β transcript levels normalized to GAPDH were determined by using quantitative real-time PCR at 24 h after infection (MOI of 5) with C^ko MVvac compared to uninfected cells. (B) Immunoblot analyses of whole-cell extracts prepared from uninfected mock PKR⁺ cells following transient knockdown with siRNAs against luciferase as a control (siLUC), IPS-1, PKR, or TRIF. Antibodies against IPS-1, TRIF, PKR, and α-tubulin were utilized.