FIG. 5.

Virus titers were significantly elevated in IFN-α/βR^−/− but not MAVS^−/− or MDA5^−/− mouse sera and livers after infection with CVB3. Wild-type (C57BL/6, B6.129, or 129 SvJ), IFN-α/βR^−/−, MAVS^−/−, or MDA5^−/− mice were inoculated with 10⁴ PFU of CVB3 i.p. Organs were harvested 48 h after infection, and the virus titers of serum (A), pancreas (B), and liver (C) were determined by plaque assay on HeLa cells. Statistical significance was calculated by using the Student t test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). The data are shown from four to five animals per group. (D) In a separate experiment, wild-type B6.129 or MAVS^−/− mice were similarly inoculated with CVB3 and tail bled daily. Serum virus titers were determined by plaque assay on HeLa cells. The data are shown from four animals per group. The dashed line indicates limit of detection of the assay.