Table 2.
Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (OR) of having depressive symptoms qt Year 10 according to categories of fish intake and omega-3 fatty acids intake (% energy) for all CARDIA participants and stratified by sex.
| Entire cohort | Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects (cases) |
3317 | (744) | 1481 | (259) | 1836 | (485) | |
| ORa | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | ||
| Quintiles of fish intake |
sexXfish p-value=0.69 |
||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Q2 | 1.09 | (0.83–1.43) | 1.11 | (0.71–1.75) | 1.09 | (0.78–1.52) | |
| Q3 | 0.99 | (0.75–1.31) | 0.94 | (0.59–1.50) | 1.02 | (0.72–1.44) | |
| Q4 | 0.98 | (0.74–1.29) | 1.03 | (0.65–1.62) | 0.93 | (0.66–1.33) | |
| Q5 | 0.97 | (0.73–1.28) | 1.16 | (0.73–1.83) | 0.87 | (0.61–1.24) | |
| P for trend | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.25 | ||||
| Quintiles of EPA |
sexXEPA p-value=0.33 |
||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Q2 | 0.89 | (0.68–1.16) | 0.76 | (0.48–1.19) | 0.97 | (0.69–1.36) | |
| Q3 | 0.96 | (0.74–1.25) | 0.83 | (0.53–1.29) | 1.04 | (0.74–1.45) | |
| Q4 | 0.77 | (0.59–1.01) | 0.85 | (0.55–1.31) | 0.72 | (0.51–1.03) | |
| Q5 | 0.83 | (0.63–1.09) | 0.91 | (0.59–1.41) | 0.78 | (0.55–1.11) | |
| P for trend | 0.16 | 0.92 | 0.07 | ||||
| Quintiles of DHA |
sexXDHA p-value=0.21 |
||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Q2 | 0.96 | (0.73–1.25) | 0.84 | (0.53–1.31) | 1.05 | (0.75–1.47) | |
| Q3 | 0.87 | (0.66–1.14) | 0.81 | (0.52–1.28) | 0.91 | (0.65–1.28) | |
| Q4 | 0.89 | (0.68–1.17) | 1.10 | (0.71–1.70) | 0.79 | (0.56–1.12) | |
| Q5 | 0.79 | (0.60–1.05) | 0.91 | (0.58–1.42) | 0.72 | (0.51–1.04) | |
| P for trend | 0.10 | 0.91 | 0.02 | ||||
| Quintiles of sum of EPA and DHA intake |
sexX(EPA+DHA) p-value=0.06 |
||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Q2 | 1.09 | (0.83–1.41) | 0.76 | (0.48–1.20) | 1.33 | (0.96–1.86) | |
| Q3 | 0.94 | (0.72–1.24) | 0.97 | (0.63–1.51) | 0.92 | (0.65–1.31) | |
| Q4 | 0.83 | (0.63–1.10) | 0.91 | (0.58–1.42) | 0.80 | (0.56–1.14) | |
| Q5 | 0.80 | (0.61–1.06) | 0.89 | (0.57–1.38) | 0.75 | (0.53–1.08) | |
| P for trend | 0.03 | 0.87 | 0.008 | ||||
Odds ratio adjusted for age, race, gender, educational level(<high school, high school, some college, or ≥college graduate), body mass index (continuous), cigarettes/d (continuous), alcohol intake (ml/d) (continuous), total physical activity (continuous), marital status (3 categories: unmarried, married or in a marriage-like relationship, or widowed, separated, divorced, or other), employment status (unemployed, employed), income (≤11,999, 12,000–24,999, 25,000–49,999, or 50,000 and higher), and intakes of linoleic acid (continuous) and folic acid (continuous). Fish intake is further adjusted for energy intake (continuous).