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Phenotypic analysis of mutants of the V-ATPases, vacuolar protein sorting, and ion homeostasis. The strains (BY4741 genetic background) were spotted at 105 cells ml−1 (and three 10-fold serial dilutions) on synthetic agar medium (SM). Panel A, supplemented with 0.2 or 1 g liter−1 hop iso-α-acids; panel B, buffered to pH 7.5 under aerobic conditions (similar results were obtained under anaerobic conditions [data not shown]).
