Fig. 1.

Prefrontal ROI definitions and volumes. (a) Coronal slice, (b) axial slice showing prefrontal gray and white matter, and (c) three. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the extent of gray and white matter boundaries. MR images were acquired with a 1.5-T scanner (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee). Coronal SPGR images 1.5 mm thick were segmented into tissue class and subsequently realigned, reformatted, and resampled (isotropic voxels 0.9375 mm³) to ensure similar head alignment between time 1 and time 2. Minimal manual editing was performed by a single rater. Axial double-echo images 3 mm thick were used to determine the ICC. Measurement of gray matter began on the most anterior slice containing brain tissue. The five most anterior slices were considered to be solely gray matter, with the anterior boundary of the white matter commencing on the sixth slice. The posterior landmark for gray matter was the slice five slices anterior to the appearance of the temporal stem (the white matter tract connecting the temporal and frontal lobes) and for the white matter, the tip of the frontal horns. Right side of image is left side of brain. ANOVA revealed no significant differences in ICC volume among the three groups. Follow-up ICC volumes were smaller (F1,30=10.66, p=0.003), however, the average difference was 0.58%. ROI absolute volumes in ml given for time 1 for schizophrenic, affective, and comparison subjects respectively with standard deviations in parentheses, effect sizes given as partial eta squared are listed: left gray: 80.0 (9.3), 86.0 (9.7), 88.7 (11.2); right gray: 79.3 (9.5), 84.6 (10.7), 87.1 (11.6) [for left and right gray matter over time=0.037, small effect]; left white: 28.3 (3.0), 28.8 (4.1), 30.0 (5.0); and right white 31.3 (3.5); 32.2 (6.2), 31.8 (5.0) [for left and right white matter over time=0.048, small effect]; and time 2 left white 27.6 (2.8), 27.5 (3.8), 29.4 (4.9); and time 2 right white 30.2 (3.2), 29.8 (4.2), 31.1 (4.9).