TABLE II.

RELATIVE RISK OF NHL, DLBCL AND FOLLICULAR NHL ACCORDING TO INTAKE OF ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS FROM FOOD AND SUPPLEMENTS, IOWA WOMEN'S HEALTH STUDY, 1986–2005

		All NHL			DLBCL			Follicular lymphoma
Vitamin	Person Years	Cases	RR (95% CI)*	p-trend	Cases	RR (95% CI)	p-trend	Cases	RR (95% CI)	p-trend
Vitamin C (mg/day)
Total
<127	150007	110	1.00 (reference)	0.65	48	1.00 (reference)	0.72	25	1.00 (reference)	0.54
127–191	150846	96	0.84 (0.64, 1.11)		45	0.90 (0.60, 1.35)		20	0.75 (0.42, 1.37)
192–325	150206	109	0.95 (0.72, 1.25)		46	0.91 (0.60, 1.38)		25	0.93 (0.52, 1.64)
>325	146882	100	0.90 (0.68, 1.18)		45	0.92 (0.60, 1.39)		20	0.76 (0.42, 1.40)
Diet only
<101	149020	117	1.00 (reference)	0.044	46	1.00 (reference)	0.36	34	1.00 (reference)	0.032
101–142	150372	108	0.87 (0.67, 1.14)		52	1.07 (0.72, 1.60)		17	0.46 (0.26, 0.83)
143–191	149915	89	0.71 (0.53, 0.94)		42	0.85 (0.55, 1.31)		16	0.41 (0.22, 0.76)
>191	148634	101	0.78 (0.58, 1.05)		44	0.87 (0.55, 1.37)		23	0.55 (0.30, 1.00)
Supplements only
Nonusers	330696	223	1.00 (reference)	0.79	104	1.00 (reference)	0.57	47	1.00 (reference)	0.77
<334	181966	135	1.09 (0.88, 1.35)		57	0.99 (0.72, 1.36)		35	1.35 (0.87, 2.09)
>334	85278	57	0.99 (0.74, 1.33)		23	0.86 (0.55, 1.35)		8	0.67 (0.31, 1.41)
Vitamin E (IU/day)
Total
<7.7	149787	107	1.00 (reference)	0.97	46	1.00 (reference)	0.85	23	1.00 (reference)	0.60
7.7–11	150370	95	0.87 (0.65, 1.16)		45	0.94 (0.61, 1.44)		17	0.69 (0.36, 1.33)
12–33	149994	109	0.98 (0.72, 1.33)		44	0.89 (0.56, 1.43)		25	0.98 (0.51, 1.87)
>33	147790	104	0.96 (0.73, 1.27)		49	1.04 (0.68, 1.58)		25	1.04 (0.57, 1.87)
Diet only
<6.7	152254	105	1.00 (reference)	0.60	41	1.00 (reference)	0.54	24	1.00 (reference)	0.55
6.7–8.6	147272	107	1.03 (0.78, 1.36)		50	1.27 (0.83, 1.95)		19	0.76 (0.41, 1.41)
8.7–11.0	151829	100	0.91 (0.67, 1.24)		44	1.09 (0.68, 1.75)		26	0.94 (0.50, 1.76)
>11.0	146586	103	0.94 (0.65, 1.36)		49	1.28 (0.74, 2.22)		21	0.70 (0.32, 1.56)
Supplements only
Nonusers	330696	223	1.00 (reference)	0.79	119	1.00 (reference)	0.78	53	1.00 (reference)	0.34
<40	181966	135	1.09 (0.88, 1.35)		38	0.93 (0.64,1.34)		21	1.16 (0.70, 1.92)
>40	85278	57	1.07 (0.74, 1.33)		27	0.97 (0.64, 1.47)		16	1.29 (0.74, 2.26)
Carotenoids (IU/day)
Total
<4693	148770	109	1.00 (reference)	0.033	49	1.00 (reference)	0.52	23	1.00 (reference)	0.075
4693–7107	149222	119	1.05 (0.81, 1.37)		43	0.85 (0.56, 1.29)		32	1.31 (0.77, 2.25)
7108–12159	149414	93	0.80 (0.61, 1.07)		47	0.91 (0.60, 1.37)		16	0.63 (0.33, 1.21)
>12159	150535	94	0.78 (0.58, 1.05)		45	0.84 (0.55, 1.30)		19	0.70 (0.37, 1.33)
Diet only
<4541	148476	109	1.00 (reference)	0.048	48	1.00 (reference)	0.60	25	1.00 (reference)	0.16
4541–6789	149482	115	1.01 (0.78, 1.32)		43	0.86 (0.57, 1.31)		25	0.94 (0.54, 1.65)
6790–11838	149504	97	0.84 (0.63, 1.11)		48	0.95 (0.63, 1.43)		20	0.72 (0.40, 1.32)
>11838	150478	94	0.78 (0.58, 1.05)		45	0.86 (0.56, 1.33)		20	0.68 (0.36, 1.28)
Supplements only
Nonusers	538118	372	1.00 (reference)	0.85	128	1.00 (reference)	0.72	83	1.00 (reference)	0.48
Users	59823	43	1.03 (0.75, 1.41)		20	1.09 (0.69, 1.73)		7	0.76 (0.35, 1.64)

^*Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for age and total energy intake.