TABLE III.
RELATIVE RISK OF NHL, DLBCL, AND FOLLICULAR NHL ACCORDING TO INTAKE OF SELECTED CAROTENOIDS, IOWA WOMEN'S HEALTH STUDY, 1986–2005
| All NHL |
DLBCL |
Follicular lymphoma |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carotenoid | Person Years | Cases | RR (95% CI)* | p-trend | Cases | RR (95% CI) | p-trend | Cases | RR (95% CI) | p-trend |
| α-carotene (μg/day) | ||||||||||
| <323 | 146502 | 111 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.015 | 45 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.38 | 26 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.077 |
| 323–499 | 149661 | 114 | 0.98 (0.76, 1.28) | 50 | 1.06 (0.71, 1.59) | 25 | 0.90 (0.52, 1.57) | |||
| 500–1318 | 150442 | 103 | 0.87 (0.66, 1.14) | 48 | 1.00 (0.66, 1.51) | 21 | 0.73 (0.41, 1.31) | |||
| >1318 | 151336 | 87 | 0.71 (0.53, 0.95) | 41 | 0.83 (0.53, 1.29) | 18 | 0.59 (0.31, 1.11) | |||
| β-carotene (μg/day) | ||||||||||
| <2603 | 148991 | 112 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.072 | 47 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 | 25 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.085 |
| 2603–3989 | 149691 | 111 | 0.96 (0.74, 1.25) | 41 | 0.85 (0.56,1.30) | 28 | 1.07 (0.62, 1.83) | |||
| 3990–6173 | 149469 | 95 | 0.81 (0.61, 1.07) | 49 | 1.00 (0.67, 1.51) | 18 | 0.66 (0.36, 1.22) | |||
| >6173 | 149790 | 97 | 0.80 (0.60, 1.07) | 47 | 0.94 (0.61, 1.45) | 19 | 0.65 (0.35, 1.23) | |||
| β-crytoxanthin (μg/day) | ||||||||||
| <30 | 151173 | 120 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.21 | 51 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 | 29 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.040 |
| 30–64 | 158321 | 100 | 0.77 (0.59, 1.01) | 43 | 0.79 (0.52, 1.18) | 26 | 0.82 (0.48, 1.39) | |||
| 65–106 | 139727 | 94 | 0.82 (0.63, 1.08) | 37 | 0.76 (0.50, 1.17) | 17 | 0.60 (0.33, 1.09) | |||
| >106 | 148720 | 101 | 0.82 (0.62, 1.08) | 53 | 1.02 (0.68, 1.51) | 18 | 0.57 (0.31, 1.05) | |||
| Lycopene (μg/day) | ||||||||||
| <2209 | 149015 | 106 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.72 | 38 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.10 | 24 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.45 |
| 2209–3591 | 149360 | 99 | 0.94 (0.72, 1.24) | 48 | 1.29 (0.84, 1.97) | 21 | 0.86 (0.48, 1.55) | |||
| 3592–5540 | 150729 | 98 | 0.93 (0.70, 1.22) | 41 | 1.09 ( 0.70, 1.71) | 27 | 1.08 (0.62, 1.89) | |||
| >5540 | 148838 | 112 | 1.06 (0.80, 1.40) | 57 | 1.54 (1.00, 2.37) | 18 | 0.70 (0.37, 1.33) | |||
| Lutein + zeaxanthin (μg/day) | ||||||||||
| <1426 | 149968 | 121 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.068 | 47 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.67 | 34 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.007 |
| 1426–2344 | 150557 | 104 | 0.84 (0.64, 1.09) | 42 | 0.88 (0.58, 1.33) | 24 | 0.66 (0.39, 1.13) | |||
| 2345–3661 | 149503 | 88 | 0.70 (0.53, 0.93) | 43 | 0.90 (0.59, 1.37) | 10 | 0.27 (0.13, 0.54) | |||
| >3661 | 147914 | 102 | 0.81 (0.61, 1.07) | 52 | 1.09 (0.72, 1.65) | 22 | 0.56 (0.32, 0.99) | |||
*
Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for age and total energy intake.