TABLE V.
RELATIVE RISK OF NHL, DLBCL, AND FOLLICULAR NHL ACCORDING TO INTAKE OF MULTIVITAMIN SUPPLEMENT AND ANTIOXIDANT MICRONUTRIENTS, IOWA WOMEN'S HEALTH STUDY, 1986–2005
| All NHL |
DLBCL |
Follicular lymphoma |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supplement | Person Years | Cases | RR (95% CI)* | p-trend | Cases | RR (95% CI) | p-trend | Cases | RR (95% CI) | p-trend |
| Multi vitamin | ||||||||||
| Nonuser | 394275 | 266 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.50 | 123 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.81 | 54 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.35 |
| User | 195610 | 142 | 1.07 (0.87, 1.31) | 59 | 0.96 (0.71, 1.31) | 33 | 1.23 (0.80, 1.90) | |||
| Selenium supplements | ||||||||||
| Nonusers | 552949 | 388 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.26 | 175 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.25 | 81 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.33 |
| User | 18658 | 9 | 0.69 (0.35, 1.33) | 3 | 0.51 (0.17, 1.60) | 1 | 0.39 (0.06, 2.64) | |||
| Zinc (mg/day) | ||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||
| <9.4 | 147781 | 109 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.82 | 51 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.98 | 22 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.63 |
| 9.4–12 | 149942 | 91 | 0.81 (0.61, 1.09) | 38 | 0.71 (0.46, 1.11) | 17 | 0.75 (0.39, 1.44) | |||
| 13–18 | 151379 | 104 | 0.91 (0.67, 1.24) | 44 | 0.80 (0.50, 1.26) | 27 | 1.16 (0.61, 2.20) | |||
| >18 | 148838 | 111 | 0.99 (0.72, 1.35) | 51 | 0.93 (0.58, 1.49) | 24 | 1.04 (0.52, 2.07) | |||
| Diet only | ||||||||||
| <8.8 | 147447 | 106 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.53 | 46 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.48 | 23 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.35 |
| 8.8–11 | 149463 | 93 | 0.88 (0.66, 1.18) | 41 | 0.90 (0.58, 1.41) | 17 | 0.76 (0.39, 1.46) | |||
| 12–15 | 150198 | 101 | 0.96 (0.70, 1.32) | 44 | 0.98 (0.61, 1.58) | 20 | 0.91 (0.46, 1.80) | |||
| >15 | 150833 | 115 | 1.12 (0.76, 1.64) | 53 | 1.23 (0.69, 2.16) | 30 | 1.42 (0.65, 3.13) | |||
| Supplements only | ||||||||||
| Nonusers | 490273 | 337 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.66 | 153 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.67 | 73 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.84 |
| ≤27 | 83245 | 59 | 1.02 (0.77, 1.34) | 24 | 0.92 (0.60, 1.41) | 13 | 1.04 (0.58, 1.88) | |||
| >27 | 24423 | 19 | 1.12 (0.71, 1.78) | 7 | 0.91 (0.43, 1.94) | 4 | 1.09 (0.40, 2.98) | |||
| Copper (mg/day) | ||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||
| <1.1 | 152239 | 116 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.21 | 52 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.63 | 24 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.32 |
| 1.1–1.4 | 149123 | 109 | 0.92 (0.70, 1.21) | 46 | 0.87 (0.58, 1.31) | 25 | 0.97 (0.54, 1.74) | |||
| 1.5–2.0 | 149470 | 80 | 0.66 (0.48, 0.90) | 33 | 0.61 (0.38, 0.98) | 19 | 0.70 (0.36, 1.35) | |||
| >2.0 | 147109 | 110 | 0.89 (0.65, 1.22) | 53 | 0.97 (0.61, 1.54) | 22 | 0.77 (0.38, 1.55) | |||
| Diet only | ||||||||||
| <1.1 | 150286 | 106 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.15 | 44 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.58 | 23 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.25 |
| 1.1–1.3 | 148991 | 115 | 1.04 (0.79, 1.38) | 55 | 1.23 (0.81, 1.86) | 23 | 0.89 (0.49, 1.64) | |||
| 1.4–1.7 | 149075 | 94 | 0.84 (0.62, 1.13) | 37 | 0.82 (0.51, 1.31) | 25 | 0.91 (0.48, 1.71) | |||
| >1.7 | 149589 | 100 | 0.83 (0.58, 1.19) | 48 | 1.01 (0.59, 1.74) | 19 | 0.58 (0.26, 1.30) | |||
| Supplements only | ||||||||||
| Nonusers | 522245 | 367 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.49 | 166 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.23 | 80 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.65 |
| User | 75696 | 48 | 0.90 (0.67, 1.21) | 18 | 0.74 (0.46, 1.21) | 10 | 0.86 (0.45, 1.66) | |||
| Manganese (mg/day) | ||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||
| <1.9 | 149267 | 112 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.016 | 44 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.29 | 31 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.070 |
| 1.9–2.6 | 150870 | 118 | 0.98 (0.75, 1.28) | 56 | 1.19 (0.79, 1.80) | 19 | 0.53 (0.30, 0.96) | |||
| 2.7–3.6 | 149619 | 89 | 0.70 (0.52, 0.95) | 41 | 0.84 (0.53, 1.34) | 16 | 0.41 (0.21, 0.79) | |||
| >3.6 | 148185 | 96 | 0.73 (0.53, 1.01) | 43 | 0.86 (0.52, 1.41) | 24 | 0.56 (0.29, 1.09) | |||
| Diet only | ||||||||||
| <1.9 | 148514 | 114 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.010 | 44 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.43 | 31 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.026 |
| 1.9–2.5 | 149964 | 105 | 0.84 (0.64, 1.11) | 48 | 1.02 (0.67, 1.56) | 18 | 0.49 (0.27, 0.90) | |||
| 2.6–3.3 | 150947 | 107 | 0.81 (0.60, 1.08) | 52 | 1.06 (0.68, 1.65) | 20 | 0.49 (0.26, 0.91) | |||
| >3.3 | 148516 | 89 | 0.62 (0.44, 0.88) | 40 | 0.78 (0.46, 1.32) | 21 | 0.43 (0.21, 0.89) | |||
| Supplements only | ||||||||||
| Nonusers | 540406 | 377 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.70 | 169 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.47 | 81 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.92 |
| User | 57535 | 38 | 0.94 (0.67, 1.31) | 15 | 0.82 (0.49, 1.40) | 9 | 1.04 (0.52, 2.06) | |||
*
Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for age and total energy intake.