Table 5.

Results of Logistic Regression Relating Community Violence Characteristics to Substance Use among Adolescents who Witnessed Community Violence (N = 1,341)

Predictor	B(SE)	Wald	OR	CI (95%)
Age	0.19 (0.07)	6.99	1.21**	1.05–1.40
Black	−1.26 (0.24)	28.18	0.28***	0.18–0.45
Native American	0.73 (0.43)	2.88	2.08	0.89–4.86
Trauma history	0.60 (0.21)	8.16	1.82**	1.21–2.75
Multiple incidents of witnessed community violence	0.69 (0.17)	15.89	2.00***	1.42–2.82
Age at first incident	0.03 (0.02)	2.03	1.03	0.99–1.08
Age at last incident	0.21 (0.06)	13.26	1.24***	1.10–1.39
Violence occurred at home	0.97 (0.51)	3.65	2.65	0.97–7.21
Violence occurred in neighborhood	0.71 (0.19)	14.05	2.04***	1.40–2.96
Violence occurred in other location	0.54 (0.23)	5.49	1.72*	1.09–2.70
Victim was a relative	−0.46 (0.40)	1.34	0.63	0.29–1.38
Victim was a known non-relative	0.22 (0.19)	1.37	1.25	0.86–1.80
Perpetrator was a relative	1.17 (0.40)	8.44	3.23**	1.46–7.11
Perpetrator was a known non-relative	0.19 (0.19)	0.96	1.21	0.83–1.76

Note. Reference groups for predictor variables were as follows: racial/ethnic groups: Caucasian; trauma history: no history of direct trauma; multiple incidents of witnessed violence: one incident of witnessed violence; violence location: school; relationship to victim/perpetrator: stranger. OR = odds ratio. CI = confidence interval.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.