Experimental setup. (1) Anaesthesia gas scavenging, (2) ICU ventilator, (3) inspiratory hose, (4) expiratory hose, (5) Y-piece, (6) anaesthetic conserving device, (7) catheter mount (with bronchoscopy port), (8) test lung (3 l chloroprene bag), (9) thin catheter, (10) gas sampling tube, (11) gas monitor, (12) redelivery of sample gas, (13) serial communication cable, (14) notebook computer for online data sampling, (15) syringe pump (16) syringe filled with liquid isoflurane or sevoflurane. MV expiratory minute ventilation, carrying anaesthetic vapour through the anaesthetic reflector. Closs mean anaesthetic concentration in the gas expired through the anaesthetic reflector. Cpat mean anaesthetic concentration inside the 3 l bag under steady state conditions.