Table 1.
Characteristics of Patient and Control Groups
| Characteristic | All patients | All controls | PET patients | PET controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 27 | 25 | 12 | 11 |
| Sex ratio (male:female) | 19:8 | 12:13 | 7:5 | 4:7 |
| Handedness (right:left:ambidextrous) | 21:3:3 | 20:5:0 | 10:0:2 | 11:0:0 |
| Age (years)a | 32.8 (9.4) | 34.6 (9.2) | 38.1 (10.1) | 29.5 (7.7) |
| Education (years)b | 13.2 (2.2) | 15.8 (1.7) | 13.8 (2.5) | 15.6 (2.0) |
| Parent’s education (years) | 14.4 (2.9) | 13.3 (1.7) | 13.4 (2.8) | 13.7 (1.6) |
| FSIQ | 101.30 (19.27) | 103.92 (15.68) | 104.50 (21.64) | 95.09 (12.81) |
| Duration of illness (years) | 11.93 (8.42) | 15.83 (9.04) | ||
| CPZ | 530.93 (502.51) | 512.50 (403.98) | ||
| Positive symptom severityc | 5.58 (2.92) | 5.40 (3.27) | ||
| Negative symptom severityc | 10.25 (2.94) | 9.50 (3.17) | ||
| Disorganized symptom severityc | 3.67 (2.35) | 3.40 (0.97) | ||
| AIMS | 0.04 (0.20) | 0.08 (0.29) |
Note. Standard deviations are reported in parentheses. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH). Positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms were comprised of the sum of individual symptom categories: positive = delusions and hallucinations; negative = alogia, bluntness, lack of affect, avolition, and anhedonia; disorganized = bizarreness, formal thought disorder, catatonia, and lack of attention. Scores may range from 0 (none) to 5 (severe) on the CASH and from 0 (none) to 4 (severe) on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). PET = positron emission tomography; FSIQ = full-scale IQ from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1997); CPZ = chlorpromazine equivalent of daily dose of neuroleptic medication.
PET patients were older than PET controls, p < .05.
All patients had fewer years of education than all controls, p < .01.
Current data was unavailable for 3 patients: all patients n = 24, and PET patients n = 10.