Table 4.

Association of Deferred Treatment Decision and Baseline Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics of HPFS Patients With Incident Clinical Metastasis or Death As a Result of Prostate Cancer

Baseline Characteristic	No. of Patients	No. of Events	Age-Adjusted Hazard Ratio*	95% CI	Multivariate Hazard Ratio†	95% CI
Treated within 12 months	2,940	199	1.00		1.00
Deferred treatment	341	20	0.82	0.49 to 1.37	1.03	0.61 to 1.75
Age at diagnosis, years
40 to < 60	434	25	0.77	0.48 to 1.23	0.89	0.55 to 1.43
60 to < 70	1,467	95	0.84	0.61 to 1.15	0.89	0.65 to 1.23
70+	1,380	99	1.00		1.00
Stage at diagnosis
T1	1,630	65	1.00		1.00
T2	1,306	116	1.73	1.24 to 2.44	1.71	1.21 to 2.42
T3	168	31	3.70	2.32 to 5.92	2.24	1.38 to 3.66
PSA at diagnosis, ng/mL
0 to < 4	370	6	0.06	0.02 to 0.24	0.07	0.02 to 0.28
4 to < 10	1,853	91	0.50	0.37 to 0.69	0.58	0.43 to 0.80
10+	898	104	1.00		1.00
Gleason score at diagnosis
2-5	607	36	0.30	0.19 to 0.47	0.38	0.24 to 0.59
6	1,316	48	0.34	0.23 to 0.50	0.43	0.29 to 0.64
> 6	934	97	1.00		1.00

NOTE. Fifty participants who had metastases at initial diagnosis were excluded from this calculation. For this time-to-event analysis, the starting point was the date of diagnosis. The end point was the date of metastases or death as a result of prostate cancer (PCa), or the end of follow-up, whichever came first. An event occurred if a PCa patient developed metastases or died as a result of PCa before the end of follow-up. A censoring occurred if a PCa patient's disease did not metastasize or the patient did not die as a result of PCa until the end of follow-up.

Abbreviations: HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.

^*Adjusted for age and time of diagnosis.

^†Adjusted for age, time of diagnosis, clinical stage, PSA at diagnosis, and Gleason score.