Table 4.

Advantages and Disadvantages of International Collaboration in Cancer Treatment Trials

Advantages	Faster accrual from more sites for patients with common cancers and with all stages of disease
	Faster accrual for patients with uncommon and rare tumors, specific molecular defects, and less common histologic subtypes
	Broader applicability of research results
	Fewer duplicative trials
	More complementary trials
	More rapid dissemination of innovations in cancer treatment
Disadvantages	Differing regulations between countries
	Differing levels of infrastructure support for cancer clinical trials between countries
	Differing processes and schedules for scientific review by funding bodies between countries
	Longer lead time for concept and trial development
	Differing licensing arrangements for specific drugs between countries
	Contractual issues with pharmaceutical companies in different countries
	Drug distribution issues in different countries