Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;66(12):1322–1330. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.166

Figure 3. The state-effect hypothesis and two alternative hypotheses.

Figure 3

Depression etiology research has not determined whether neuroticism and extraversion are causes of depression or risk factors reflecting other underlying causes of depression. The cause-correction hypothesis retains this ambiguity in that changes in neuroticism/extraversion and changes in factors underlying neuroticism/extraversion might both contribute to depression improvement.