Table 6.
Genes altered in human pathological cardiac hypertrophy that are recapitulated in animal models
| Gene | Human | Animal Models | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Cong | Idiop | Isch | Drug | RQ | AB | MI | Sh | Salt | Exercise | |
| Pathological | Phys | ||||||||||
| Adhesion and migration | |||||||||||
| ITGBL1 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 1.8 | |||||||
| LTBP2 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 13.0 | ||||||
| OMD | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 5.1 | |||||||
| SERPINE2 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.8 | ||||||
| THBS4 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.5 | |||||
| Cardiovascular functions | |||||||||||
| AOC3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.2 | ||||||||
| APP | 2.0 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | -1.6 | |||||
| ATP1A1 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -1.9 | d | +/- | 2.3 | -5.3 | ||||
| CCL2 | -2.9 | -2.7 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 3.7 | -2.3 | |||||
| CTGF | 2.2 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 3.1 | -3.6 | ||||
| EGFR | -1.8 | -1.5 | 2.9 | -2.2 | |||||||
| FN1 | 1.9 | -1.6 | -1.6 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.6 | -1.7 | ||
| M GCLM | -2.1 | -1.6 | 3.0 | 1.6 | |||||||
| GSK3B | -2.2 | -1.7 | -1.6 | 1.8 | |||||||
| SERPINE1 | -3.4 | -3.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 1.9 | |||||
| SLC7A1 | -2.0 | -1.8 | -1.6 | -6.0 | |||||||
| TGM2 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 1.9 | 1.5 | -2.1 | ||||||
| TIMP1 | -1.9 | -1.6 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 5.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |||
| TIMP2 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.3 | ||||||
| Cell growth/proliferation and survival | |||||||||||
| ACOX1 | -1.6 | 2.1 | -1.7 | -5.5 | 1.7 | -1.7 | |||||
| AMD1 | -1.6 | -2.0 | -1.6 | -2.6 | -1.6 | -1.6 | |||||
| CTSC | -2.4 | -2.1 | -2.0 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 2.0 | -1.8 | ||||
| DDX3X | -1.6 | -1.6 | -2.6 | 2.5 | |||||||
| KLF9 | -2.0 | -1.7 | -3.9 | -2.3 | -1.6 | ||||||
| OSMR | -1.9 | -1.5 | 3.6 | 1.5 | |||||||
| PAPSS2 | -1.8 | -1.6 | 1.8 | -1.5 | 1.5 | ||||||
| PXDN | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.7 | |||||||
| SULF1 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.9 | ||||||||
| TFRC | -1.6 | -1.7 | -12.3 | 10.0 | 1.7 | -2.8 | |||||
| Extracellular matrix morphology | |||||||||||
| ASPN | 2.2 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 1.8 | |||||
| COL14A1 | 2.4 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 6.6 | |||||||
| COL3A1 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 1.7 | -4.5 | -2.2 | |||
| FBLN2 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 3.2 | |||||
| LUM | 2.9 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 1.7 | -2.2 | ||||||
| MATN2 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.1 | ||||||||
| Immune response/modulation, inflammation, and stress response | |||||||||||
| DNAJA4 | -2.4 | -2.2 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.6 | -2.9 | |||||
| FKBP4 | -1.6 | -1.5 | -2.6 | -1.6 | -7.2 | -2.0 | -2.0 | ||||
| IFIT2 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 1.7 | |||||||
| IFIT3 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.9 | |||||||
| MGST1 | -2.3 | -2.4 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |||||||
| Skeletal and muscular functions | |||||||||||
| CEBPD | -2.4 | -2.0 | 6.7 | 1.5 | 2.2 | -2.0 | |||||
| COL1A1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.1 | +/- | 2.6 | 2.6 | 1.7 | -2.4 | -1.5 | ||
| COL1A2 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 3.1 | -2.1 | -2.2 | |||
| FRZB | 2.1 | 2.7 | i | 1.8 | 9.0 | ||||||
| HSPB6 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | ||||||||
| IGFBP5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 4.5 | 1.5 | -0.5 | |||||
| KBTBD10 | -2.3 | -1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |||||||
| Tissue morphology | |||||||||||
| BCL6 | -2.2 | -1.9 | +/- | -1.6 | |||||||
| CFH | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 3.2 | |||||
| EGR1 | -2.2 | 1.9 | -3.3 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 1.6 | -3.6 | ||||
| FLNC | 1.5 | -2.1 | -1.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | -2.7 | |||||
| PRNP | -2.0 | -1.6 | 1.7 | 2.2 | |||||||
| TXNRD1 | -1.5 | -2.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 | -1.8 | ||||||
| Other or Unknown | |||||||||||
| ART3 | -1.8 | -1.6 | -1.6 | -9.5 | 1.7 | ||||||
| CCDC80 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.8 | -6.3 | |||||
| FNDC1 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 5.0 | |||||||
| HMGB2 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 3.0 | |||||||
| ITIH5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.2 | ||||||||
| KCND3 | -1.8 | -1.7 | -1.7 | ||||||||
| LDB3 | 1.6 | 1.7 | -1.9 | 11.0 | 1.6 | 1.8 | |||||
| LYPLA1 | -2.1 | -1.8 | -2.9 | 0.3 | |||||||
| SLC40A1 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.5 | -1.7 | ||||||
| SYNPO2L | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.2 | ||||||||
| TAF9B | -1.7 | -1.5 | -1.7 | 2.0 | |||||||
FC = fold-change. Dash ("-") before number indicates down-regulation, compared to appropriate controls. A blank indicates that no significant alteration (fold change at least 1.5, p value ≤ 0.05) was observed. For PMAGE data, "i" and "d" indicate induction and down-regulation with 0 transcripts detected in either wild-type or αMHC403/+ mice, respectively. Where genes that were represented by more than one polony (analogous to a probe set) conflicted in direction (one or more up-regulated sequence tags and one or down-regulated sequence tags representing the same gene), "+/-" is used in place of a FC value. Idiop, Isch, AS, and Cong = idiopathic, ischemic, aortic stenosis, and congenital, respectively. "Drug" refers to angiotensin II, 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid, or isoproterenol treatment. Sh, MI, and AB = shunt, myocardial infarction, and aortic banding, respectively. RQ = αMHC403/+ mice, representing familial cardiac hypertrophy. Phys = physiological. Gene functions were obtained from Ingenuity pathway analysis software, supplemented with information obtained from the NCBI and Stanford SOURCE search databases. Some genes perform more than one function, but are only listed under one category.