Table 1.
Physical and metabolic features of experimental groups.
| LZR | OZR | OZR; 5 Cr | OZR; 10 Cr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Femur length (mm) | 37.5 ± 0.5* | 33.7 ± 0.6 | 32.8 ± 0.3 | 32.6 ± 0.4 |
| Tibia length (mm) | 42.9 ± 0.3* | 40.9 ± 0.2 | 40.3 ± 0.2 | 40.8 ± 0.4 |
| Kidney weight (g) | 3.44 ± 0.16* | 4.74 ± 0.22 | 4.44 ± 0.2 | 5.28 ± 0.3 |
| Kidney to body weight (mg/g) | 7.04 ± 0.34 | 6.33 ± 0.21 | 6.10 ± 0.39 | 6.92 ± 0.39 |
| Plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 130.8 ± 5.0* | 165.0 ± 8.9 | 175.0 ± 7.1 | 176.5 ± 5.5 |
| Plasma insulin (μU/ml) | 21.4 ± 1.5* | 84.2 ± 4.6 | 73.3 ± 6.6 | 80.0 ± 9.9 |
| HOMA index | 8.1 ± 1.2* | 33.8 ± 2.9 | 31.8 ± 3.3 | 34.2 ± 3.9 |
| HgA1c (%) | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.1 |
| Water intake (ml/day) | 32.6 ± 0.7 | 38.7 ± 2.2 | 44.7 ± 3.8# | 47.0 ± 3.1# |
| Food intake (g/day) | 25.4 ± 1.3 | 29.7 ± 1.4 | 28.7 ± 2.9 | 31.2 ± 1.4 |
| Urine excretion (ml/day) | 17.6 ± 1.1 | 23.3 ± 2.1 | 28.4 ± 3.3# | 28.3 ± 3.0# |
| Urine excretion to fluid intake ratio (%) | 54.4 ± 3.0 | 62.0 ± 3.9 | 62.9 ± 3.4 | 59.6 ± 4.2 |
| Urine Osmolality (mOsmol/kg) | 1615 ± 72 | 1655 ± 96 | 1372 ± 128 | 1474 ± 102 |
| Sodium excretion (μEq/g food/day) | 78.3 ± 5.8 | 104 ± 10.8# | 82.3 ± 4.4 | 97.1 ± 6.4 |
| Potassium excretion (μEq/g food/day) | 231 ± 16 | 315 ± 57.5 | 242 ± 13 | 227 ± 18.6 |
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min) | 0.66 ± 0.12 | 0.60 ± 0.06 | 0.72 ± 0.09 | 0.69 ± 0.08 |
| Albumin excretion (mg/day) | 41.4 ± 5.4* | 70.4 ± 7.2 | 69.2 ± 7.4 | 61.6 ± 7.8 |
* p < 0.05 compared to other groups.
# p < 0.05 compared to the LZR group.