Table 4.
Adjusted associations between individual creatinine-adjusted BPA concentrations and BASC-2 externalizing, internalizing, and BSI scores among 2-year-old children participating in the HOME study.
| All childrena |
Malesb |
Femalesb |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Score | Adjusted estimate (SE) | Adjusted difference (95% CI) | Adjusted estimate (SE) | Adjusted difference (95% CI) | Adjusted estimate (SE) | Adjusted difference (95% CI) |
| 16-week BPA concentrations | n = 229 | n = 113 | n = 116 | |||
| Externalizing scores | ||||||
| First quartile (0–1.09 μg/g) | 45.2 (1.1) | Reference | 47.7 (1.4) | Reference | 42.2 (1.5) | Reference |
| Second quartile (1.10–1.62 μg/g) | 47.2 (1.1) | 2.1 (−0.7 to 4.8) | 48.9 (1.3) | 1.2 (−2.4 to 4.8) | 45.5 (1.6) | 3.2 (−0.9 to 7.4) |
| Third quartile (1.63–2.88 μg/g) | 48.1 (1.1) | 2.9 (0.2 to 5.7) | 47.7 (1.7) | 0.0 (−4.1 to 4.2) | 47.8 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.8 to 9.3)* |
| Fourth quartile (> 2.88 μg/g) | 49.0 (1.0) | 3.9 (1.1 to 6.6) | 49.1 (1.4) | 1.4 (−2.3 to 5.2) | 49.0 (1.4) | 6.7 (2.7 to 10.7)* |
| Log10-transformed coefficientc | 2.9 (0.2 to 5.7) | 1.1 (−2.4 to 4.6) | 4.8 (1.3 to 8.3)* | |||
| Internalizing scores | ||||||
| First quartile (0–1.09 μg/g) | 44.6 (1.0) | Reference | 44.6 (1.3) | Reference | 44.4 (1.4) | Reference |
| Second quartile (1.10–1.62 μg/g) | 43.3 (1.1) | −1.2 (−3.8 to 1.3) | 42.7 (1.2) | −1.9 (−5.3 to 1.4) | 44.1 (1.5) | −0.3 (−4.2 to 3.5) |
| Third quartile (1.63–2.88 μg/g) | 44.0 (1.0) | −0.5 (−3.1 to 2.0) | 44.2 (1.6) | −0.4 (−4.3 to 3.4) | 44.1 (1.2) | −0.3 (−3.8 to 3.2) |
| Fourth quartile (> 2.88 μg/g) | 45.8 (1.0) | 1.2 (−1.3 to 3.8) | 45.0 (1.3) | 0.3 (−3.2 to 3.8) | 46.6 (1.3) | 2.3 (−1.5 to 6.0) |
| Log10-transformed coefficientc | 1.1 (−1.4 to 3.6) | 0.0 (−3.2 to 3.3) | 2.3 (−1.0 to 5.5) | |||
| BSI scores | ||||||
| First quartile (0–1.09 μg/g) | 49.0 (1.0) | Reference | 51.6 (1.2) | Reference | 45.8 (1.4) | Reference |
| Second quartile (1.10–1.62 μg/g) | 49.7 (1.0) | 0.8 (−1.7 to 3.2) | 51.1 (1.2) | −0.5 (−3.7 to 2.7) | 48.3 (1.4) | 2.5 (−1.2 to 6.1) |
| Third quartile (1.63–2.88 μg/g) | 50.9 (1.0) | 1.9 (−0.5 to 4.4) | 50.9 (1.5) | −0.7 (−4.4 to 3.0) | 50.4 (1.2) | 4.6 (1.3 to 7.9)** |
| Fourth quartile (> 2.88 μg/g) | 51.0 (0.9) | 2.1 (−0.4 to 4.5) | 50.3 (1.3) | −1.3 (−4.7 to 2.0) | 51.8 (1.2) | 6.0 (2.4 to 9.5)** |
| Log10-transformed coefficientc | 1.4 (−1.0 to 3.9) | −0.6 (−3.7 to 2.5) | 3.5 (0.4 to 6.6)** | |||
| 26-week BPA concentrations | n = 218 | n = 106 | n = 112 | |||
| Externalizing scores | ||||||
| First quartile (0–1.24 μg/g) | 47.5 (1.2) | Reference | 48.8 (1.6) | Reference | 46.3 (1.6) | Reference |
| Second quartile (1.25–1.97 μg/g) | 48.1 (1.1) | 0.5 (−2.4 to 3.5) | 49.4 (1.6) | 0.6 (−3.6 to 4.8) | 46.8 (1.6) | 0.4 (−3.7 to 4.6) |
| Third quartile (1.98–3.07 μg/g) | 45.9 (1.2) | −1.6 (−4.6 to 1.3) | 47.3 (1.5) | −1.6 (−5.8 to 2.6) | 44.7 (1.6) | −1.7 (−5.8 to 2.5) |
| Fourth quartile (> 3.07 μg/g) | 47.3 (1.1) | −0.2 (−3.2 to 2.8) | 48.1 (1.6) | −0.7 (−5.0 to 3.6) | 46.6 (1.5) | 0.2 (−3.9 to 4.3) |
| Log10-transformed coefficientc | −1.0 (−3.9 to 1.9) | −1.4 (−4.8 to 2.0) | −0.4 (−4.5 to 3.8) | |||
| Internalizing scores | ||||||
| First quartile (0–1.24 μg/gm) | 45.3 (1.1) | Reference | 44.3 (1.4) | Reference | 46.2 (1.4) | Reference |
| Second quartile (1.25–1.97 μg/g) | 43.6 (1.0) | −1.7 (−4.4 to 1.0) | 42.7 (1.4) | −1.6 (−5.5 to 2.2) | 44.3 (1.4) | −1.8 (−5.6 to 1.9) |
| Third quartile (1.98–3.07 μg/g) | 44.5 (1.0) | −0.8 (−3.5 to 1.9) | 45.1 (1.4) | 0.8 (−2.9 to 4.6) | 43.8 (1.4) | −2.4 (−6.2 to 1.3) |
| Fourth quartile (> 3.07 μg/g) | 44.0 (1.0) | −1.3 (−4.0 to 1.4) | 43.7 (1.4) | −0.6 (−4.5 to 3.2) | 44.2 (1.3) | −2.0 (−5.7 to 1.7) |
| Log10-transformed coefficientc | −2.0 (−4.6 to 0.7) | −1.7 (−4.7 to 1.4) | −2.5 (−6.2 to 1.2) | |||
| BSI scores | ||||||
| First quartile (0–1.24 μg/g) | 51.3 (1.0) | Reference | 51.7 (1.4) | Reference | 51.0 (1.4) | Reference |
| Second quartile (1.25–1.97 μg/g) | 50.6 (1.0) | −0.7 (−3.3 to 1.9) | 51.5 (1.4) | −0.1 (−3.8 to 3.6) | 49.6 (1.4) | −1.3 (−5.0 to 2.3) |
| Third quartile (1.98–3.07 μg/g) | 48.6 (1.0) | −2.6 (−5.2 to 0.0) | 50.4 (1.3) | −1.3 (−4.9 to 2.4) | 47.0 (1.4) | −4.0 (−7.6 to −0.3) |
| Fourth quartile (> 3.07 μg/g) | 49.7 (1.0) | −1.6 (−4.2 to 1.0) | 51.1 (1.4) | −0.5 (−4.3 to 3.2) | 48.5 (1.3) | −2.5 (−6.1 to 1.1) |
| Log10-transformed coefficientc | −2.2 (−4.7 to 0.4) | −1.9 (−4.9 to 1.1) | −2.6 (−6.3 to 1.0) | |||
| Birth BPA concentrations | n = 224 | n = 112 | n = 112 | |||
| Externalizing scores | ||||||
| First quartile (0–1.16 μg/g) | 46.1 (1.1) | Reference | 47.3 (1.5) | Reference | 45.0 (1.5) | Reference |
| Second quartile (1.17–1.80 μg/g) | 48.2 (1.2) | 2.1 (−0.8 to 5.0) | 49.9 (1.5) | 2.5 (−1.4 to 6.5) | 46.7 (1.7) | 1.6 (−2.6 to 5.8) |
| Third quartile (1.81–2.96 μg/g) | 48.2 (1.1) | 2.1 (−0.7 to 4.9) | 49.7 (1.4) | 2.4 (−1.6 to 6.3) | 46.8 (1.6) | 1.8 (−2.3 to 5.9) |
| Fourth quartile (> 2.96 μg/g) | 48.1 (1.1) | 2.0 (−0.8 to 4.9) | 48.3 (1.6) | 0.9 (−3.2 to 5.1) | 47.9 (1.4) | 2.8 (−1.1 to 6.8) |
| Log10-transformed coefficientc | 1.8 (−1.2 to 4.8) | 1.6 (−2.3 to 5.4) | 2.1 (−2.0 to 6.2) | |||
| Internalizing scores | ||||||
| First quartile (0–1.16 μg/g) | 43.2 (1.0) | Reference | 41.2 (1.4) | Reference | 45.1 (1.4) | Reference |
| Second quartile (1.17–1.80 μg/g) | 46.2 (1.1) | 2.9 (0.2 to 5.6) | 46.9 (1.3) | 5.6 (2.0 to 9.2) | 45.1 (1.5) | 0.0 (−3.8 to 3.8) |
| Third quartile (1.81–2.96 μg/g) | 45.5 (1.0) | 2.3 (−0.3 to 4.9) | 46.7 (1.3) | 5.4 (1.8 to 9.1) | 44.0 (1.4) | −1.1 (−4.8 to 2.7) |
| Fourth quartile (> 2.96 μg/g) | 44.4 (1.0) | 1.1 (−1.5 to 3.8) | 42.7 (1.4) | 1.3 (−2.4 to 5.2) | 45.7 (1.3) | 0.6 (−3.0 to 4.2) |
| Log10-transformed coefficientc | 0.7 (−2.1 to 3.5) | 0.8 (−2.8 to 4.4) | 0.5 (−3.3 to 4.3) | |||
| BSI scores | ||||||
| First quartile (0–1.16 μg/g) | 48.8 (1.0) | Reference | 48.9 (1.3) | Reference | 48.7 (1.3) | Reference |
| Second quartile (1.17–1.80 μg/g) | 51.7 (1.1) | 2.9 (0.3 to 5.5) | 53.9 (1.3) | 5.0 (1.5 to 8.5) | 49.2 (1.5) | 0.5 (−3.2 to 4.3)* |
| Third quartile (1.81–2.96 μg/g) | 50.9 (1.0) | 2.2 (−0.4 to 4.7) | 52.5 (1.3) | 3.7 (0.1 to 7.2) | 49.3 (1.4) | 0.6 (−3.1 to 4.2) |
| Fourth quartile (> 2.96 μg/g) | 50.8 (1.0) | 2.1 (−0.5 to 4.6) | 50.4 (1.4) | 1.5 (−2.2 to 5.2) | 51.0 (1.3) | 2.3 (−1.2 to 5.8) |
| Log10-transformed coefficientc | 1.4 (−1.3 to 4.1) | 0.9 (−2.7 to 4.6) | 1.8 (−1.7 to 5.2) | |||
Adjusted for maternal age (< 25, 25–34, and ≥ 35 years), child sex, race (white and nonwhite), maternal education (< 12 years, 12 years, > 12 years), household income (< $40,000, $40,000 to < $80,000, ≥ $80,000), HOME score (< 35, 35 to < 40. and ≥ 40), marital status (married vs. unmarried), and maternal depression during pregnancy (minimal/mild vs. moderate/ severe).
Adjusted for maternal age (< 25, 25–34, and ≥ 35 years), race (white and nonwhite), maternal education (< 12 years, 12 years, > 12 years), household income (< $40,000, $40,000 to < $80,000, ≥ $80,000), HOME score (< 35, 35 to < 40, and ≥ 40), marital status (married vs. unmarried), and maternal depression during pregnancy (minimal/mild vs. moderate/severe).
Adjusted for log10-transformed creatinine concentration, maternal age (< 25, 25–34, and ≥ 35 years), race (white and nonwhite), maternal education (< 12 years, 12 years, > 12 years), household income (< $40,000, $40,000 to < $80,000, ≥ $80,000), HOME score (< 35, 35 to < 40, and ≥ 40), marital status (married vs. unmarried), and maternal depression during pregnancy (minimal/mild vs. moderate/severe).
p-Value < 0.10 for the interaction term between BPA concentration and child sex.
p-Value < 0.05 for the interaction term between BPA concentration and child sex.