Exacerbated cytokine response after recall of adoptively transferred OT-I cells. A, C57BL/6 mice adoptively transferred with 150,000 OT-I cells were immunized with OVA, poly I:C, and anti-4-1BB (CD137) Ab and rested for 6 days. Spleen cells were harvested before (No Recall) and 10–90 min after in vivo recall with 100 μg SIINFEKL peptide. Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained for IFN-γ and for the congenic marker CD45.1 (peptide-specific CD8+ T cells). The percentage of OT-I cells (CD45.1+) producing IFN-γ is indicated. B, The mean percentage ± SEM of OT-I cells producing IFN-γ from three independent biological replicates is shown. C, Sera were obtained and quantified for TNF-α presence by ELISA and shown as individual scatter plots. Because the data were not normally distributed, a Mann-Whitney U test was used and the results showed a p < 0.05 compared with 10 min or no recall.