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. 2010 Jan 15;6(1):e1000724. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000724

Figure 9. Cartoon schematically showing M. catarrhalis OMV-dependent B cell activation.

Figure 9

OMV discharged from Moraxella are taken up by B cells via an IgD-mediated cross-linking and endocytosis. A signal is induced via the MID-mediated contact with the IgD B cell receptor followed by formation of lipid rafts. In addition, TLR2 colocalize in lipid raft motifs and participate in the signaling induced by OMV. In the endosome, DNA-containing OMV are activating TLR9. The IgD BCR and TLR2/9 mediated signaling results in IL-6 production and eventually IgM secretion.