Table 4.
(A) Univariate correlates of major postoperative complications following liver resection in all subjects. (B) Univariate correlates of major postoperative complication following liver resection in the chemotherapy group
| (A) | No complications | Major complications | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n= 1866 (%) | n= 465 (%) | ||
| Age, years | 58.0 ± 13.6 | 59.5 ± 13.1 | 0.03 |
| Age ≥65 years | 632 (34) | 182 (39) | 0.03 |
| Men | 882 (46) | 267 (57) | <0.001 |
| Race | 0.53 | ||
| Indian/Alaskan | 7 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) | |
| Asian | 77 (4) | 17 (4) | |
| Black/Black Hispanic | 140 (7) | 40 (9) | |
| Hispanic/Hispanic unknown | 58 (3) | 17 (4) | |
| White | 1441 (77) | 365 (78.5) | |
| Unknown | 143 (8) | 23 (5) | |
| Current smoker | 260 (14) | 96 (21) | <0.001 |
| >2 alcoholic drinks/day | 52 (3) | 15 (3) | 0.64 |
| Body mass index, median | 26.9 | 27.1 | 0.73 |
| ASA physical status classification | <0.001 | ||
| 1 | 33 (2) | 5 (1) | |
| 2 | 664 (36) | 23 (26.5) | |
| 3 | 1099 (59) | 290 (62) | |
| 4 | 70 (4) | 46 (10) | |
| 5 | 0 | 1 (0.2) | |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.24 | ||
| No | 1606 (86) | 387 (83) | |
| Oral hypoglycaemic treatment | 186 (10) | 53 (11) | |
| Insulin therapy | 74 (4) | 25 (5) | |
| History of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 40 (2) | 30 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure within 30 days before surgery | 6 (0.3) | 3 (0.6) | 0.40 |
| Hypertension requiring medication | 839 (45) | 223 (48) | 0.25 |
| Loss of >10% of body weight in previous 6 months | 89 (5) | 37 (8) | 0.008 |
| Transfusion >4 units pRBC preoperatively | 5 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | 0.63 |
| Steroid use for chronic condition | 31 (2) | 13 (3) | 0.13 |
| Ascites | 17 (1) | 16 (3) | <0.001 |
| Disseminated cancer | 776 (42) | 184 (40) | 0.46 |
| Chemotherapy | 151 (8) | 33 (7) | 0.56 |
| Radiotherapy for malignancy in last 90 days | 24 (1) | 3 (0.6) | 0.34 |
| Preoperative laboratory variables | n/% abnormal | n/% abnormal | |
| Creatinine | 75 (4) | 33 (7) | 0.009 |
| Albumin | 169 (10.5) | 83 (20) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin | 82 (5) | 43 (10) | <0.001 |
| SGOT | 125 (8) | 56 (14) | <0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 216 (13) | 112 (27) | <0.001 |
| White blood cell | 126 (7) | 58 (13) | <0.001 |
| Haematocrit | 317 (17.5) | 121 (27) | <0.001 |
| Platelets | 138 (7.6) | 52 (11.5) | 0.01 |
| Partial thromboplastin time | 67 (5) | 31 (8) | 0.02 |
| Prothrombin time | 63 (4) | 34 (9) | 0.001 |
| Operative variables | |||
| Extent of liver resection | <0.001 | ||
| Partial lobectomy | 1138 (61) | 219 (47) | |
| Hemihepatectomy/trisegmentectomy | 728 (39) | 246 (53) | |
| Operative length, min | 238.3 ± 111.4 | 311.8 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
| Unites of pRBC given intraoperatively | 0.6 ± 5.1 | 2.2 ± 6.6 | |
| Median | 0 | 0 | <0.001 |
| (B) | No complications | Major complications | P-value |
| n= 151 (%) | n= 33 (%) | ||
| ASA physical status classification | 0.05 | ||
| 1 | 3 (2) | 0 | |
| 2 | 52 (34) | 6 (18) | |
| 3 | 93 (62) | 24 (73) | |
| 4 | 3 (2) | 3 (9) | |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Congestive heart failure within 30 days before surgery | 0 | 1 (3) | 0.03 |
| Transfusion >4 units pRBC preoperatively | 0 | 1 (3) | 0.03 |
| Ascites | 0 | 2 (6) | 0.002 |
| Preoperative laboratory variables | N/% abnormal | N/% abnormal | |
| Creatinine | 2 (1) | 3 (9) | 0.04 |
| Albumin | 11 (8) | 6 (19) | 0.09 |
| Total bilirubin | 3 (2) | 3 (10) | 0.08 |
| SGOT | 3 (2) | 4 (13) | 0.02 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 13 (10) | 5 (16) | 0.33 |
| White blood cell | 16 (11) | 7 (22) | 0.14 |
| Haematocrit | 30 (20) | 13 (41) | 0.02 |
| Platelets | 18 (12) | 6 (19) | 0.39 |
| Partial thromboplastin time | 4 (3.5) | 3 (11.5) | 0.12 |
| Prothrombin time | 2 (2) | 2 (7) | 0.16 |
| Operative variables | |||
| Extent of liver resection | 0.02 | ||
| Partial lobectomy | 94 (62) | 13 (39) | |
| Hemihepatectomy/trisegmentectomy | 57 (38) | 20 (61) | |
| Operative length, min | 254.9 ± 108.4 | 326.1 ± 147.8 | 0.002 |
| Units of pRBC given intraoperatively | 0.8 ± 2.1 | 3.7 ± 7.5 | <0.001 |
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; pRBC, packed red blood cells; SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
P-values shown in bold are significant at P < 0.05