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. 2007 May 15;23(3):333–348. doi: 10.1007/s10827-007-0037-7

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Block scheme of the linear arm model of which the transfer function Hnms(s) is derived. D(s): external force disturbance; X(s): skeletal bone endpoint position; Hint(s): intrinsic (muscle) dynamics; Href (s): reflexive dynamics; Hact(s): muscle activation dynamics