Table 3.
Neighborhood-level characteristicsa and crude association between neighborhood characteristics and self-reported morbidity (N = 2881)
| Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor vehicle | Experienced | |||||
| STI | accidentb | Injury | Liver problems | Hypertension | violence | |
| Mean off-premise outlet density per square mile | 1.80 (1.1–3.0)§ | 0.99 (0.9–1.0) | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 1.33 (1.02–1.75)† | 0.98 (0.9–1.1) | 1.31 (1.13–1.51)‡ |
| Mean distance to nearest off-premise outlet | 0.85 (0.4–1.8) | 0.97 (0.8–1.1) | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) | 0.63 (0.38–1.03) | 1.00 (0.9–1.1) | 0.89 (0.8–1.04) |
| Mean visible alcohol use in neighborhood | 1.55 (0.9–2.6) | 0.97 (0.8–1.2) | 1.24 (1.06–1.45)† | 1.60 (1.28–1.99)‡ | 1.09 (0.94–1.3) | 2.09 (1.79–2.44)‡ |
| Mean % White | 0.73 (0.2–3.1) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.97 (0.98–0.99)† |
| Mean % Black | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.97 (0.6–1.5) | 1.50 (1.02–2.22)† | 0.87 (0.47–1.60) | 2.76 (2.02–3.76)‡ | 2.82 (2.10–3.80)‡ |
| Mean % Hispanic | 1.47 (0.4–5.3) | 0.62 (0.4–1.02) | 0.80 (0.5–1.2) | 1.90 (1.10–3.27)† | 0.44 (0.31–0.63)‡ | 1.30 (0.96–1.76) |
| % Neighborhood with < high school education | 1.57 (0.6–4.4) | 0.56 (0.1–2.2) | 1.76 (0.58–5.4) | 0.94 (0.15–5.9) | 9.09 (3.8–21.8)‡ | 14.09 (4.1–8.1)‡ |
| Mean % below poverty | 10.10 (0.6–18.3) | 0.33 (0.1–0.9)† | 2.72 (1.14–6.5)‡ | 8.48 (2.56–28.1)‡ | 1.58 (0.7–3.5) | 37.8 (15.5–91.8)‡ |
| Mean concentrated disadvantage | 1.02 (0.9–1.1) | 0.97 (0.9–1.0) | 1.04 (1.01–1.06)† | 1.04 (1.01–1.08)† | 1.05 (1.02–1.07)† | 1.11 (1.08–1.14)‡ |
P-value: ‡ <0.0001; † <0.01; § <0.05 based on crude multi-level logistic regression models accounting for spatial autocorrelation.
aAggregated individual-level items for all characteristics except outlet density, racial distribution, education, poverty and concentrated disadvantage.
bControlling for car ownership.