Table 1.

Characteristics of Participants,^a by Childhood ETS^b Exposure, in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, United States, 2000–2006

	No Childhood ETS Exposure (n = 923)	One Smoker in the Childhood Home (n = 559)	Two or More Smokers in the Childhood Home (n = 299)
Male sex	35	34	37
Age, years	62 (10)	61 (10)	59 (10)
Adult height, cm	163 (10)	164 (9)	165 (10)
Body mass index, kg/m2	27 (5)	28 (6)	28 (5)
White race/ethnicity	24	33	39
Chinese race/ethnicity	28	25	16
Black race/ethnicity	22	22	23
Hispanic race/ethnicity	27	20	21
Born outside of the United States	55	42	37
Father completed high school	44	42	51
Mother completed high school	37	40	42
Neither parent smoked	74	6	7
Only the father smoked	20	75	19
Only the mother smoked	4	14	6
Both the mother and father smoked	2	5	68
Asthma before age 45 years	8	8	11
Education, years	13 (4)	14 (4)	14 (4)
Lived with a smoker as an adult	30	41	38
Occupational exposure to secondhand smoke	32	38	44
Occupational exposure to dust	29	29	40
AUC for cumulative residential PM10 exposure	35 (8)	35 (8)	34 (7)
Cotinine levels below detection threshold (≤7.07 ng/mL)	86	87	79
Cotinine levels detectable (>7.07 and <100 ng/mL)	14	13	21

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; ETS, environmental tobacco smoke; PM₁₀, particles with a diameter smaller than 10 μm.

^aValues are expressed as percentage or mean (standard deviation).

^bChildhood ETS was defined by retrospective reports in response to the question, “In your childhood, did you live with a regular cigarette smoker who smoked in your home?” and a follow-up question on the number of smokers in the childhood home.