Table 3.
Summary of the Cumulative Evidence Scores of the published included studies, grouped by study design, type of Mindfulness or Mindfulness Meditation intervention (MM) and subject population, sorted within groups by the mean Methodological Quality Score of the studies.
| Studies | Number of studies |
Methodological Quality Score, MQS (mean / 17) |
Population Severity Score, PSS (mean / 4) |
Cumulative Evidence Score, CES (sum of scores of the individual studies) |
% positive (% studies with +CES) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 15* | 8.0 | 3.3 | ITT: +10 (6 studies) | ITT: 50% |
| PP: +143 (13 studies) | PP: 85% | ||||
| By design | |||||
| RCTs | 7 | 11.3 (range: 8–14) | 3.7 | ITT: +2 (4 studies) | ITT: 50% |
| PP: +93 (6 studies) | PP: 83% | ||||
| Controlled, non-randomized | 4* | 6.8 (range: 6–8) | 3 | ITT: −8 (1 study) | ITT: 0% |
| PP: +16 (3 studies) | PP: 67% | ||||
| Case series | 4 | 5.8 (range: 4–8) | 3.25 | ITT: +16 (1 study) | ITT: 100% |
| PP: +34 (4 studies) | PP: 100% | ||||
| By MM intervention | |||||
| DBT | 2 RCTs | 13.5 (13, 14) | 4 | ITT: +27 (2 studies) | ITT: 100% |
| PP: +13 (1 study) | PP: 100% | ||||
| ACT | 2 RCTs | 12.5 (12, 13) | 3 | ITT: −25 (2 studies) | ITT: 0% |
| PP: +50 (2 studies) | PP: 100% | ||||
| 3-S | 3 | 8.7 (range: 7–11) | 4 | ITT: − (0 studies) | ITT: - |
| (2 RCT, 1 controlled) | PP: +26 (3 studies) | PP: 67% | |||
| MBSR-based | 7 * | 6.4 (range: 4–8) | 3.3 | ITT: +8 (2 studies) | ITT: 50% |
| (1 RCT, 2 controlled, 4 case series) |
PP: +42 (6 studies) | PP: 83% | |||
| Vipassana | 1 controlled | 6 | 2 | ITT: − (0 studies) | ITT: - |
| PP: +12 (1 study) | PP: 100% | ||||
| By subject population | |||||
| SUDs, adults, outpatient settings | 7 | 10.3 (range: 7–14) | 4 | ITT: +15 (3 studies) | ITT: 67% |
| (5 RCTs, 1 controlled, 1 case series) |
PP: +69 (6 studies) | PP: 83% | |||
| SUDs, adults, tobacco dependence | 3* | 9 (6, 8, 13) | 2 | ITT: +3 (2 studies) | ITT: 50% |
| (1 RCT, 1 controlled, 1 case series) |
PP: +42 (2 studies) | PP: 100% | |||
| SUDs, adults, residential settings | 3 | 6.7 (4, 8, 8) | 4 | ITT: −8 (1 study) | ITT: 0% |
| (1 RCT, 1 controlled, 1 case series) |
PP: +12 (3 studies) | PP: 67% | |||
| Substance use, adults, jail | 1 controlled | 6 | 2 | ITT: − (0 studies) | ITT: - |
| PP: +12 (1 study) | PP: 100% | ||||
| Substance use, adolescents | 1 case series | 4 | 3 | ITT: − (0 studies) | ITT: − |
| PP: +8 (1 study) | PP: 100% | ||||
*
one non-randomized controlled study did not use statistical analysis to compare results