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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2008 Sep;27(3):363–374. doi: 10.1007/s10555-008-9138-7

Table 1. Types of Molecular Markers.

Class of Marker Definition Example
Predictive Available before irradiation that predicts a subsequent increased risk for organ specific radiation toxicity. ATM mutant homozygosity [14], circulating IL-1 and IL-6 may be in this class for pulmonary toxicity [15]. Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei might be in this category for oncogenic risk
Prognostic Available at any time after the exposure that predicts a subsequent increased risk for a more severe disease course. TGFβ1 levels may be in this class for pulmonary toxicity [10, 16], FGF2 may also be in this class for fibrovascular complications [16].
Diagnostic Available at the time of symptom presentation and which implicate radiation as the specific cause. None.
Dosimetric Available at some point after exposure that can determine the dose delivered to one or more organs. Lymphocyte chromosomal aberrations for bone marrow exposure.