Analysis of the substrates of the E. coli Lon protease by SDS-PAGE. E. coli HUβ (A) and E. coli HUα (B) were incubated with the Lon protease and 5 μM ATP for 0 (lane 1), 1 (lane 2), 2 (lane 3), and 3 h (lane 4). M, size markers (94, 66, 45, 30, 20, and 14 kDa). The reaction volume of the sample was 20 μl. The amount of Lon protease was 1 μg and that of the substrate HUβ was ∼3 μg.