Level of activation in response to signal θ, the ratio of kinase to phosphatase concentrations of an autophosphorylated system according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics in Eq. 17 plotted in the dashed curves. (Top to bottom) The Michaelis constants in Eq. 14, (K3, K4) = {(0.1, 1), (0.5, 2) (2,10), and (∞, ∞)}, and (solid curve) K3 = K4 = ∞ shows that first-order Michaelis-Menten reduces to the Mass Action model from Eq. 6. Other parameter values are γ = 108, μ = 0.01, and ET = 1.