Table 5.
Studies on the development of CADe systems for detection of pulmonary embolism in CT examinations.
| References | No. of cases | No. of positive cases | Section thickness | Presence of artifacts and lung disease | PE location | Total no. of PEi | Sensitivity | FP rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masutani et al. 2002 (115) | 19 | 11 | 1.5 mm | No | not reported | 21 (>10 mm3) | 85% | 2.6/case |
| Das et al. 2003 (116) (R2) | 33 | 33 | 0.75–1.25 mm | not reported | Segmental and subseg. | 306 (186 seg, 120 subseg) | 88% (seg) 78% (subseg) |
4/case |
| Zhou et al. 2005 (124) | 14 | 14 | 1.25 mm | 8 cases with extensive lung disease | Proximal to subseg. and subseg | 163 (94 prox-subseg, 69 subseg) | 84% (prox-subseg) 64% (subseg) |
14.4/case |
| Digumarthy et al. 2006 (117) (R2) | 39 | 33 | not reported | No | Arteries ≥4mm | 270 | 92% | 2.8/case |
| Jeudy et al. 2006 (118) (R2) | 22 | 22 | not reported | not reported | Segmental and subseg. | 251 (188 seg, 63 subseg) | 80% (seg.) 76% (subseg.) |
1.8/case |
| Das et al. 2006 (121) (Siemens) | 45 | 29 | 1 mm | not reported | Lobar Segmental Subseg. |
213 | 82% | median 3/case |
| Zhou et al. 2007 (128) | 43 | 43 | 1.25 mm | yes | Proximal to subseg, and subseg | 435 (263 prox-subseg, 172 subseg) | 78% (prox-subseg) 73% (subseg.) |
24/case |
| Schoepf et al. 2007 (119) (R2) | 36 | 23 | 1.25 mm | 21 cases with lung disease | 130 seg 107 subseg |
92% (seg) 90% (subseg) |
4.8/case | |
| Maizlin et al. 2007 (120) (R2) | 104 | 15 | 1.25 mm | Lung disease not reported, severe motion cases excluded | Central, segmental, subsegmental | 45 (32 central, seg, 13 subseg) | 56.3% (central, seg) 61.5% (subseg) |
0.93/case |
| Buhmann et al. 2007 (122) (Siemens) | 40 | 18 | 1 mm | 5 with motion artifacts, lung disease not reported | Central and peripheral | 212 (65 central, 147 peripheral) | 74% (central) 82% (peripheral) |
3.85/case |
| Engelke et al. 2007 (123) (Siemens) | 56 | 56 | 0.6 mm | Non-analyzable arteries excluded | Mediastinal, lobar, segmental, subsegmental | 1116* (72 mediastinal, 133 lobar, 465 seg, 455 subseg) | 30.7% 21% (mediastinal) 23% (lobar) 41% (seg) 28% (subseg) |
4.1/case |
R2= CADe system by R2 Technologies, Siemens=Siemens CADe system
*
Subgroup numbers add up to 1125 while a total of 1116 was given in the paper.