Treatment of BV-2 microglial cells with LQEQ-19 resulted in increased p38 phosphorylation. A, B, The number of phospho-p38-positive (p-p38) cells is increased after incubation of the cells with LQEQ-19 (1 μm) for 2 min. C, D, Dose-dependent increase in the relative levels of phospho-p38 after LQEQ-19 treatment. In D, relative phospho-p38 was expressed as phospho-p38/total p38 and normalized relative to control values. The data represent averages of three experiments.