Table 1.
Descriptive statistics at baseline for participants with information on BC (n = 461) and PM2.5 concentrations (n = 457).
| Study variable | Subjects with BC | Subjects with PM2.5 |
|---|---|---|
| BC (μg/m3)a,b | 1.10 ± 0.43 | 1.06 ± 0.44 |
| PM2.5 (μg/m3)a,b | 12.15 ± 4.98 | 12.06 ± 4.93 |
| Age (years) | 71.16 ± 6.46 | 72.18 ± 6.74 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.07 ± 3.89 | 27.95 ± 3.92 |
| Smoking status [no. (%)] | ||
| Never-smoker | 114 (29.53) | 116 (28.86) |
| Former smoker | 259 (67.10) | 269 (66.92) |
| Current smoker | 13 (3.37) | 17 (4.23) |
| Lifetime smoking (pack-years) | 27.38 ± 23.05 | 28.25 ± 23.77 |
| Alcohol intake (≥ 2 drinks/day) [no. (%)] | 76 (19.69) | 80 (19.90) |
| Temperature (°C)a | 12.18 ± 7.49 | 11.76 ± 7.85 |
| Relative humidity (%)a | 68.70 ± 8.74 | 69.61 ± 8.60 |
| Antihypertensive medication [no. (%)] | ||
| Any | 215 (55.70) | 243 (60.45) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 45 (11.66) | 50 (12.44) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 67 (17.36) | 80 (19.90) |
| Angiotensin receptor agonists | 19 (4.92) | 22 (5.47) |
| Beta blockers | 114 (29.53) | 127 (31.59) |
| Alpha blockers | 46 (11.92) | 59 (14.68) |
| Diuretics | 69 (17.88) | 81 (20.15) |
| Statin use [no. (%)] | 118 (30.57) | 131 (32.59) |
| Season of clinical visit [no. (%)] | ||
| Spring | 90 (23.32) | 101 (25.12) |
| Summer | 80 (20.73) | 102 (25.37) |
| Fall | 145 (37.56) | 119 (29.60) |
| Winter | 71 (18.39) | 80 (19.90) |
| Weekday of clinical visit [no. (%)] | ||
| Monday | 22 (5.70) | 11 (2.74) |
| Tuesday | 91 (23.58) | 103 (25.62) |
| Wednesday | 161 (41.71) | 198 (49.25) |
| Thursday | 112 (29.02) | 90 (22.39) |
| Diabetes [no. (%)] | 41 (10.62) | 47 (11.69) |
| Race/ethnicity [no. (%)] | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 376 (97.41) | 391 (97.26) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 6 (1.55) | 7 (1.74) |
| Hispanic white | 3 (0.78) | 3 (0.75) |
| Hispanic black | 1 (0.26) | 1 (0.25) |
| Years of education | 14.58 ± 2.70 | 14.65 ± 2.71 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol) | 106.97 ± 25.30 | 106.03 ± 23.85 |
| BP (mmHg) | ||
| SBP | 132.44 ± 16.60 | 131.21 ± 17.26 |
| DBP | 77.75 ± 8.96 | 76.46 ± 9.55 |
Values are mean ± SD or no. (%).
a
Seven-day moving average.
b
Mean concentration reported across all study visits rather than just at baseline (1,067 clinical visits for BC, 949 clinical visits for PM2.5).