Table 2.
Maternal Mortality Ratio and Health care system-related, educational and economical indicators of SSA countries: mean, SD and ranges for countries grouped according to its Human Development Index (HDI)
| HDI COUNTRIES | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | MEAN | SD* | HIGH | MEDIUM | LOW |
| Maternal mortality (deaths per 100 000 live births) | 885 | 321 | 15 | 210-1000 | 450-2100 |
| HEALTH CARE SYSTEM-RELATED | |||||
| Infant mortality (deaths per 1000 live births) | 97 | 24 | 12-13 | 26-123 | 50-165 |
| Antenatal care coverage (%) | 71 | 20 | - | 64-99 | 28-94 |
| Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) | 44 | 21 | 98 | 39-94 | 6-68 |
| Access to an improved water source (%) | 56 | 17 | 88-100 | 43-95 | 22-84 |
| Access to improved sanitation (%) | 37 | 15 | - | 18-65 | 9-61 |
| EDUCATIONAL | |||||
| Adult literacy rate (%) | 58 | 18 | 84-91 | 51-89 | 23-73 |
| Contraceptive prevalence (%) | 23 | 14 | 76 | 18-60 | 3-34 |
| Ratio of female rate to male rate (%) | 0.70 | 0.17 | <1** | <1** | <1** |
| Primary enrolment rate (%) | 71 | 13 | 95-99% | 44-97 | 40-95 |
| Education index (%) | 0.57 | 0.14 | 0.81-0.88 | 0.45-0.81 | 0.25-0.66 |
| ECONOMICAL | |||||
| Public expenditure on health (%GNP) | 2.2 | 1.3 | 2.4-4.6 | 1.1-9.9 | 0.7-9.6 |
| Public expenditure on education (%GNP) | 4.5 | 1.7 | 4.5-5.4 | 0.6-13.4 | 2-6.1 |
| Gross National Income per capita ($) | 586 | 804 | 4081-7547 | 100-3865 | 110-647 |
| External resources for Health (%) | 16 | 11 | 1.4-4.6 | 0.4-45.4 | 1.4-49 |
| Government expenditure on Health (%) | 7.9 | 3.4 | 8.7-9 | 4.2-13.8 | 2-16 |
| Out of pocket expenditure on Health (%) | 78 | 23 | 62-77 | 17-100 | 39-100 |
| Per-capita government expenditure on health ($) | 34 | 65 | 95-346 | 3-192 | 1-19 |
*SD: standard deviation
** The ratio of female literacy rate to male literacy rate was far below 1 with the exception of Seychelles (1.01), Botswana (1.02) and Lesotho (1.23).