Table 5.

Simulated costs and QALYs over 12 months, adjusted for patient characteristics by type of care.

Variable	Expected population mean	Simulated 5th centile (lower limit)	Simulated 95th centile (upper limit)
Cost analysis, £
Cost of usual care	1809	1005	2484
Cost of pharmaceutical care	2001	1109	2777
Incremental costs	192	–150	579
QALY analysis
QALYs in usual care	0.595	0.402	0.736
QALYs in pharmaceutical care	0.614	0.405	0.790
Incremental QALYs	0.019	–0.023	0.102
Incremental cost effectiveness ratio, £	10 000	Pharmaceutical care dominates usual care	Usual care dominates pharmaceutical care

QALY = quality-adjusted life year.

Note: These statistics arise from Figure 1. More than 5% of the simulated scenarios show higher costs of pharmaceutical care and fewer QALYs (those points lying in the northwest quadrant of the QALY–cost plane in Figure 1). In contrast more than 5% of simulated scenarios show lower costs of pharmaceutical care and more QALYs (those points lying in the southeast quadrant of the QALY–cost plane in Figure 1). Hence, the last two columns of Table 5 report the qualitative interpretation of these results — that the 90% credible interval includes both extremes, namely where pharmaceutical care dominates usual care and usual care dominates pharmaceutical care.