Table 1.
Univariate logistic regression of neuropsychological tests scores at age 13 on diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) at age 32a
| Variable | No OCD, mean (s.d.) (n = 687) | OCD, mean (s.d.) (n = 13) | No OCD v. OCD, OR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|
| WISC–R factors, z-score | |||
| Perceptual organisation | 0.02 (0.96) | –0.73 (1.12) | 0.4 (0.25–0.76)** |
| Freedom from distractibility | –0.03 (0.98) | 0.07 (1.03) | 1.1 (0.62–2.03) |
|
Verbal comprehension
|
–0.01 (0.96)
|
–0.15 (1.31)
|
0.8 (0.45–1.49)
|
| Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, z-score | |||
| Copy, | 0.05 (0.90) | –0.77 (1.26) | 0.6 (0.40–0.82)** |
|
Delayed recall
|
0.03 (1.00)
|
–0.88 (0.68)
|
0.4
(0.24–0.71)** |
| Rey Auditory –Verbal Learning Test, z-score | |||
| Trials 1–4 | 0.00 (1.00) | –0.22 (1.18) | 0.8 (0.47–1.37) |
| Post interference test | 0.01 (1.00) | –0.44 (1.20) | 0.7 (0.39–1.09) |
|
Delayed recall
|
0.02 (0.99)
|
–0.32 (1.23)
|
0.7 (0.41–1.22)
|
| Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, z-score | |||
| Total errors | –0.01 (1.00) | 0.49 (1.02) | 1.6 (0.94–2.63) |
|
Perseverative errors
|
0.00 (1.00)
|
0.05 (1.21)
|
1.1 (0.62–1.80)
|
| Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, z-score | |||
| TMT B, s | 0.00 (1.02) | 0.15 (0.86) | 1.1 (0.77–1.58) |
|
TMT B–A, s
|
0.00 (1.02)
|
0.15 (1.01)
|
1.1 (0.61–1.11)
|
| Grooved Pegboard Test, z-score | |||
| Right hand | –0.02 (1.00) | 0.93 (2.00) | 1.5 (1.11–1.94)** |
|
Left hand
|
–0.02 (0.95)
|
0.59 (1.15)
|
1.6
(1.08–2.45)* |
|
WISC–R Mazes, z-score
|
0.04 (0.95)
|
–0.51 (1.14)
|
0.6
(0.38–0.97)* |
| Verbal Fluency Controlled Oral Word Association Test, z-score | 0.00 (1.00) | –0.20 (1.00) | 0.8 (0.45–1.44) |
WISC–R, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised
a.
n varies slightly for some risk factors owing to missing data
b.
Adjusted for gender and socioeconomic status
*
P<0.05
**
P<0.01