Table 1.
Characteristics of participants at phase 5 according to the presence of CES–D depression at phase 7
|
CES—D depression at phase
7a |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| No n = 3070 | Yes n = 416 | Pb | |
|
Gender: women, %
|
25.3
|
33.2
|
0.0006
|
|
Age, years: mean (s.d.)
|
55.7(6.0)
|
54.5 (6.2)
|
0.0002
|
|
Single or divorced, %
|
18.4
|
31.7
|
< 10-4 |
|
No academic qualification, %
|
7.6
|
11.5
|
0.09
|
|
Low employment grade, %
|
7.8
|
12.0
|
< 10-4 |
|
Current smoker, %
|
7.3
|
14.7
|
< 10-4 |
|
Low level of physical activity, %
|
12.0
|
18.3
|
< 10-4 |
|
Diabetes, %
|
2.5
|
5.0
|
0.003
|
|
Hypertension, %
|
25.1
|
22.6
|
0.26
|
|
Coronary heart disease, %
|
5.4
|
7.7
|
0.06
|
|
Self-reported stroke, %
|
0.59
|
0.72
|
0.74
|
|
Antidepressant drug use, %
|
1.9
|
5.5
|
< 10-4 |
|
Low AH4 cognitive
score,c %
|
11.9
|
14.4
|
0.14
|
| Total energy intake, kJ/day: mean (s.d.) | 542 (158) | 544 (181) | 0.85 |
AH4, Alice Heim test 4-I; CES—D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies — Depression scale.
a.
Depression assessed with CES—D questionnaire; participants scoring more than 15 were classified as having ‘CES—D depression’.
b.
Value for heterogeneity.
c.
Below first quintile.