Table 2. Time Spent in EMS Transport, in Minutes.

	Elapsed Time (in minutes)
Covariates	Segment 1: Response (s.e.)	Segment 2: On-scene (s.e.)	Segment 3: Transport (s.e.)	Total: EMS Depot to Hospital (s.e.)
Distance
Distance: EMS Depot to scene (miles)	0.92 (0.11)‡	--	--	1.33 (0.34) ‡
Distance: Scene to hospital (miles)	--	--	1.21 (0.03) ‡	1.33 (0.05) ‡
Time
Rush hour (morning)	0.40 (0.17)*	--	-0.15 (0.35)	0.57 (0.48)
Rush hour (evening)	0.01 (0.17)	--	1.37 (0.34) ‡	2.01 (0.50) ‡
Weekday	0.04 (0.11)	0.33 (0.23)	0.31 (0.23)	0.56 (0.33)
Patient Characteristics
Black	-0.01 (0.11)	-0.25 (0.24)	0.38 (0.24)	0.08 (0.34)
Latin/Hispanic	0.65 (0.17) ‡	-0.60 (0.35)	-0.05 (0.33)	0.10 (0.48)
Asian/Pacific Islander	-0.95 (0.32)†	2.76 (0.67) ‡	-0.97 (0.64)	2.88 (0.91)†
Native American	-0.48 (0.29)	2.36 (0.61) ‡	1.17 (0.58)*	3.03 (0.84) ‡
Other Race (not white/other)	-1.05 (0.35)†	-0.25 (0.78)	-0.37 (0.79)	-1.72 (1.16)
Unknown Race	-0.40 (0.22)	3.44 (0.48) ‡	0.52 (0.49)	0.03 (0.01) ‡
Age (yrs.)	-0.01 (0.00)*	0.03 (0.01) ‡	0.01 (0.01)	0.03 (0.01)*
Female	-0.23 (0.10)*	-1.51 (0.20) ‡	0.57 (0.20)	-2.30 (0.28) ‡
Neighborhood Characteristics
Population density (residents/sq.mi.)	-0.10 (0.05)*	0.27 (0.11)*	-0.07 (0.10)	0.26 (0.15)
Race (% white)	0.02 (0.07)	0.68 (0.16) ‡	-0.45 (0.16)†	0.36 (0.22)
Birthplace (% Foreign-born)	-0.01 (0.06)	0.16 (0.12)	-0.16 (0.11)	0.01 (0.17)
Income (% households under 200% FPL)	0.18 (0.07)*	-0.21 (0.15)	-0.18 (0.15)	-0.10 (0.21)

^*p < 0.05

^†p < 0.01

^‡p < 0.001

All estimates are adjusted for patient vital statistics, including blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate. White race and male are reference categories. Continuous variables were centered on their mean value. Coefficients on neighborhood level covariates represent the change in outcome per one standard deviation from the mean