Table 3. Odds of Being Delayed in EMS Care.

Covariates	Odds of Delay (95% CI) (> median time + 15 minutes)
Distance Characteristics
Distance: EMS Depot to scene (miles)	1.26 (1.09, 1.46)
Distance: Scene to hospital (miles)	1.22 (1.20, 1.25)
Bypass	1.81 (1.53, 2.15)
Time Characteristics
Rush hour (morning)	1.18 (0.93, 1.49)
Rush hour (evening)	1.97 (1.59, 2.43)
Weekday	1.04 (0.87, 1.24)
Patient Characteristics
Black	1.15 (0.97, 1.35)
Latin/Hispanic	1.02 (0.81, 1.31)
Asian/Pacific Islander	1.89 (1.29, 2.78)
Native American	1.60 (1.11, 2.29)
Other Race (not white/other)	0.35 (0.15, 0.79)
Unknown Race	1.74 (1.29, 2.35)
Age (yrs.)	1.00 (1.00, 1.01)
Female	1.52 (1.32, 1.74)
Neighborhood Characteristics
Population density (thousand residents/square mile.)	1.11 (1.03, 1.19)
Race (% white)	1.16 (1.04, 1.29)
Birthplace (% Foreign-born)	0.95 (0.88, 1.04)
Income (%households < 200% FPL)	1.04 (0.93, 1.15)

All estimates are adjusted for patient vital statistics, including blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate. White race and male are reference categories. Continuous variables were centered on their mean value. Coefficients on neighborhood level covariates represent the change in outcome per one standard deviation from the mean