Table 1.
Examples of drugs for pulmonary delivery using colloidal carrier self-assembly systems
| Therapeutic areas and drugs | Drug typesa | Colloidal carrier self-assembly systems and referencesb |
|---|---|---|
| Asthma (anti-inflammatory) | ||
| Budesonide | S | LP,2,3 DN4,5 |
| Syk antisense oligodeoxynucleotides | G | LP6 |
| Ketotifen | S | LP7 |
| Ibuprofen | S | DN8 |
| Interleukin-4 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides | G | PN9 |
| Indomethacin, ketoprofen | S | SLN10 |
| Vasoactive intestinal peptide | P | LP,11–13 PN14 |
| Dexamethasone palmitate | S | LP15 |
| Fluticasone | S | DN5 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | ||
| Vasoactive intestinal peptidec | P | LP,11–13 PN14 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene | G | LP16 |
| Nuclear factor κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides | G | NP17 |
| Nifedipine | S | DN18 |
| Cystic fibrosis | ||
| Amiloride hydrochloride | S | LP19 |
| Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor | P | LP20 |
| Infections | ||
| Tobramycin | S | LP,21,22 DN23 |
| Rifampicin | S | LP,24–27 PN,28–31 SLN32 |
| Isoniazid, pyrazinamide | S | PN,28,29 LP,27 SLN32 |
| Ciprofloxacin | S | LP33,34 |
| Amphotericin B | S | LP35,36 |
| Itraconazole | S | DN37–40 |
| Lung cancers | ||
| Interleukin-2 | P | LP41 |
| p53 gene | G | PN42–45 |
| 9-nitrocamptothecin | S | LP46 |
| Leuprolide | P | LP47 |
| Doxorubicin | S | PN48 |
| Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) | P | PN49,50 |
| Antisense oligonucleotide 2’-O-methyl-RNA | G | PN51 |
| Akt1 (protein kinase B) siRNA | G | PN52,53 |
| 6-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-hydroxyl-7H-indeno[2,1-c] quinolin-7-one dihydrochloride | S | PN54 |
| Mutative defects in lung | ||
| Chimeric oligonucleotide | G | PN55 |
| Immune modulators | ||
| Cyclosporine A | P | LP,56 DN57,58 |
| Tacrolimus | S | LP59 |
| Vaccination | ||
| HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis | G | PN60 |
| V1Jns plasmid encoding antigen 85B from M. tuberculosis | G | SE61 |
| Reactive oxygen species mediated diseases | ||
| Superoxide dismutase | P | LP62–64 |
| Parathyroid disease | ||
| Elcatonin | P | PN65 |
| Diabetes | ||
| Insulin | P | PN,66 LP,67,68 SLN69 |
| Thrombosis | ||
| Low molecular weight heparin | P | DD70,71 |
| Urokinase | P | PN72 |
Notes:
a
S, small molecules; P, protein/peptide; G, gene;
b
DN, drug nanoparticle; PN, polymeric nanoparticle; LP, liposome; SLP, solid lipid nanoparticle; DD, dendrimer; SE, submicron emulsion;
c
Can be used for treatment of pulmonary hypertension as well as asthma.