Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (N=3522)
| Patient Characteristics | Total | Experimental (n=1777) | Control (n=1745) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 0.856 | |||
| <65 | 1352 | 690 (38.8%) | 662 (38.0%) | |
| 65–79 | 1751 | 876 (49.3%) | 875 (50.2%) | |
| 80+ | 417 | 211 (11.9%) | 206 (11.8%) | |
| Gender | 0.023 | |||
| Male | 2393 | 1176 (66.2%) | 1217 (69.7%) | |
| Female | 1129 | 601 (33.8%) | 528 (30.3%) | |
| Marital Status | 0.795 | |||
| Not currently married | 994 | 499 (28.5%) | 495 (28.9%) | |
| Married or cohabit | 2468 | 1251 (71.5%) | 1217 (71.1%) | |
| Working Status | 0.816 | |||
| Unemployed | 2517 | 1272 (71.8%) | 1245 (71.4%) | |
| Employed | 998 | 500 (28.2%) | 498 (28.6%) | |
| Education | 0.963 | |||
| Some High School | 557 | 280 (15.8%) | 277 (15.9%) | |
| Completed High School | 641 | 318 (17.9%) | 323 (18.5%) | |
| Some College/Technical | 1326 | 673 (37.9%) | 653 (37.5%) | |
| Completed College | 994 | 505 (28.4%) | 489 (28.1%) | |
| Annual Income | 0.550 | |||
| <$15,000 | 726 | 353 (22.2%) | 373 (23.6%) | |
| $15,000–$30,000 | 719 | 366 (23.0%) | 353 (22.4%) | |
| $30,000–$45,000 | 554 | 266 (16.7%) | 288 (18.2%) | |
| $45,000–$60,000 | 456 | 236 (14.8%) | 220 (13.9%) | |
| >60,000 | 715 | 370 (23.3%) | 345 (21.8%) | |
| Insurance | 0.809 | |||
| Uninsured, Govt., VA | 1774 | 890 (50.4%) | 884 (50.8%) | |
| Any Private | 1732 | 876 (49.6%) | 856 (49.2%) | |
| Insured for ambulance use | 0.044 | |||
| No | 353 | 196 (12.7%) | 157 (10.4%) | |
| Yes | 2698 | 1344 (87.3%) | 1354 (89.6%) | |
| Insured for visit to the ED | 0.775 | |||
| No | 141 | 73 (4.3%) | 68 (4.1%) | |
| Yes | 3231 | 1633 (95.7%) | 1598 (95.9%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.900 | |||
| White | 3207 | 1617 (91.0%) | 1590 (91.1%) | |
| Non-White | 315 | 160 (9.0%) | 155 (8.9%) | |
| Asian-Pacific Islander | 126 | 62 (3.5%) | 64 (3.7%) | |
| Black | 62 | 33 (1.9%) | 29 (1.7%) | |
| Hispanic | 42 | 22 (1.2%) | 20 (1.1%) | |
| Native American | 33 | 17 (1.0%) | 16 (0.9%) | |
| Other | 52 | 26 (1.5%) | 26 (1.5%) | |
| History of Angina | 0.997 | |||
| No | 1365 | 695 (40.3%) | 670 (39.5%) | |
| Yes | 2056 | 1029 (59.7%) | 1027 (60.5%) | |
| History of MI | 0.619 | |||
| No | 1536 | 786 (45.4%) | 750 (44.1%) | |
| Yes | 1894 | 944 (54.6%) | 950 (55.9%) | |
| History of PTCA | 0.438 | |||
| No | 1813 | 908 (51.9%) | 905 (52.3%) | |
| Yes | 1666 | 841 (48.1%) | 825 (47.7%) | |
| History of stent | 0.815 | |||
| No | 2087 | 1050 (59.8%) | 1037 (60.0%) | |
| Yes | 1398 | 707 (40.2%) | 691 (40.0%) | |
| History of PTCA +/− stent | 0.880 | |||
| No | 1749 | 883 (50.2%) | 866 (49.9%) | |
| Yes | 1743 | 875 (49.8%) | 868 (50.1%) | |
| History of CABG | 0.866 | |||
| No | 1896 | 975 (55.0%) | 921 (52.9%) | |
| Yes | 1618 | 799 (45.0%) | 819 (47.1%) | |
| History of PVD | 0.228 | |||
| No | 2998 | 1530 (89.9%) | 1468 (88.2%) | |
| Yes | 367 | 171 (10.1%) | 196 (11.8%) | |
| History of diabetes | 0.108 | |||
| No | 2740 | 1382 (78.2%) | 1358 (78.4%) | |
| Yes | 759 | 385 (21.8%) | 374 (21.6%) | |
| History of stroke | 0.889 | |||
| No | 3116 | 1565 (89.4%) | 1551 (90.3%) | |
| Yes | 353 | 186 (10.6%) | 161 (9.7%) | |
| Current smoker | 0.380 | |||
| No | 3288 | 1665 (93.8%) | 1623 (93.3%) | |
| Yes | 227 | 110 (6.2%) | 117 (6.7%) | |
| History of smoking | 0.525 | |||
| No | 1311 | 681 (38.4%) | 630 (36.2%) | |
| Yes | 2204 | 1094 (61.6%) | 1110 (63.8%) | |
| History of hypercholesterolemia | 0.186 | |||
| No | 1164 | 601 (34.6%) | 563 (32.8%) | |
| Yes | 2288 | 1135 (65.4%) | 1153 (67.2%) | |
| History of hypertension | 0.260 | |||
| No | 1532 | 765 (43.7%) | 767 (44.5%) | |
| Yes | 1944 | 986 (56.3%) | 958 (55.5%) | |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 0.646 | |||
| No | 2343 | 1179 (66.8%) | 1164 (67.3%) | |
| Yes | 1153 | 587 (33.2%) | 566 (32.7%) | |
| Cardiologist | 0.743 | |||
| No | 573 | 296 (16.7%) | 277 (15.9%) | |
| Yes | 2933 | 1472 (83.3%) | 1461 (84.1%) | |
| Attended cardiac rehabilitation | 0.520 | |||
| No | 1595 | 837 (49.2%) | 758 (45.8%) | |
| Yes | 1763 | 865 (50.8%) | 898 (54.2%) | |
| BMI | 0.048 | |||
| <25 kg/m2 | 1111 | 549 (32.4%) | 562 (34.1%) | |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 1375 | 683 (40.3%) | 692 (42.0%) | |
| 30+ kg/m2 | 854 | 461 (27.2%) | 393 (23.9%) | |
| X (SD) | X (SD) | |||
| Score on ACS Response Index (% correct) | 70.9 (11.2) | 70.8 (11.5) | 0.987 |