Table 4.

Effect of conivaptan on urinary volume and [Na⁺] concentration in animals

References	Species	Condition of species	Intervention	Results
Risvanis et al44	Rats (male Sprague-Dawley)	Normal Conscious	Vehicle or 1 mg/kg iv or 3 mg/kg oral conivaptan	Dose-dependent increase in urine volume and decrease in urine osmolality without natriuresis
Tahara et al45	Rats (male and female Wistar)	Dehydrated Conscious	Vehicle or 0.01 to 0.3 mg/kg iv conivaptan	Increased urine volume and reduced urine osmolality in a dose-dependent manner
Yatsu et al56	Dogs (female Beagle)	Normal Conscious	Oral 0.03 to 0.3 mg/kg or 0.01 to 0.1 mg/kg iv conivaptan or iv furosemide 0.3 mg/kg	Dose-dependent aquaresis
Tomura et al57	Rats (male Wistar)	Normal and dehydrated Conscious	1-dehydrated: 0.1, 0.3, 1,3 mg/kg oral conivaptan or furosemide 3, 10, 30, 100 mg/kg 2-hydrated: vehicle or 0.3, 1,3 mg/kg oral conivaptan or furosemide 100 mg/kg	(1) Dose-dependent increase in urine volume and reduction in urine osmolarity. Increased urinary [Na+] excretion to a lower degree than furosemide (2) Dose-dependent increase in urine volume with longer duration of diuresis compared to furosemide
Wada et al58	Rats (n = 44) (male Wistar)	SIADH Conscious	Vehicle or 0.1, 1 mg/kg iv conivaptan vs Vehicle or furosemide 10 mg/kg	Increased both blood [Na+] concentration and plasma osmolality vs no effect of furosemide on either IV furosemide did not increase either blood [Na+] concentration or plasma osmolality

Abbreviations: iv, intravenous; SIADH, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.