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. 2010 Jan 1;33(1):37–45. doi: 10.1093/sleep/33.1.37

Table 1.

Sociodemographic characteristics and proportion of short sleepers for each study

Year of Study
1975 1985 1992-94 1998-99 2003 2004 2005 2006
n 2,235 4,939 7,106 1,096 19,759 13,318 12,419 12,200
Age (mean ± SD; years) 43±18 50±24 43±16 45±17 45±17 46±17 46±17 46±17
Sex (% female) 56 51 54 52 52 52 52 52
Race
    White (%) 88.8 n/a 79.6 79.9 72.6 72.7 71.5 71.7
    African American (%) 8.4 n/a 8.9 11.6 11.0 10.8 11.1 11.6
    Hispanic 2.2 n/a 8.3 6.3 11.8 12.0 12.5 12.9
    Asian 0.4 n/a 2.0 0.8 2.8 2.5 2.8 3.2
    Other (%) 0.3 n/a 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 0.7
Education
    ≤11th grade (%) 31.7 17.7 10.4 16.2 13.8 12.6 13.0 12.5
    High school graduate (%) 36.5 42.8 36.3 34.0 33.8 34.4 34.2 33.9
    Some college (%) 17.6 17.2 25.1 27.2 26.5 25.9 26.1 26.7
    College graduate (%) 14.2 22.2 28.2 22.6 25.9 27.2 26.6 27.0
Employment
    Full-time (%) 53.3 60.2 57.4 59.3 52.8 52.5 53.8 53.7
    Part-time (%) 2.5 9.7 11.4 10.8 13.7 13.7 13.5 13.3
    Student (%) 4.3 3.8 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.8
    Retired or homemaker (%) 35.0 22.9 20.0 20.0 26.8 27.4 27.1 26.9
    Unemployed (%) 5.0 3.3 8.2 7.1 3.7 3.5 3.1 3.4
Marital status
    Married 61.4 64.0 n/a 59.5 58.2 59.2 58.3 58.6
    Single 15.7 20.0 n/a 20.6 24.3 23.7 24.0 24.1
    Divorced/Separated 11.6 9.2 n/a 12.9 11.2 11.2 11.7 11.4
    Widowed 11.4 6.9 n/a 7.1 6.3 5.9 6.0 5.9
Short sleepers, <6 h (%) 7.6 9.9 7.5 11.8 8.7 8.8 8.3 9.3

n/a – not available

Separate sample weights were used for each study.