Table 2.

Prevalence of sleep disturbance at time of injury for each psychiatric disorder at 3 months

Including Prior Psychiatric Disorder (n = 898)	Psychiatric Disorder		% with Sleep Disturbance		Association with sleep disturbance
	N	%	Diagnosis	No Diagnosis	OR	95% CI
PTSD	67	7.5	28.4	14.1	2.56**	1.46–4.94
Panic disorder	46	5.1	34.8	14.0	4.07**	2.04–8.12
Agoraphobia	95	10.5	32.6	13.0	3.40**	2.02–5.73
Social phobia	43	4.8	32.6	14.2	2.19*	1.01–4.76
OCD	21	2.3	42.9	14.4	5.05**	2.01–12.68
GAD	78	8.7	26.9	14.0	1.97*	1.08–3.58
Any anxiety disorder	181	20.2	26.5	12.3	2.47**	1.59–3.84
Major depression	147	16.3	28.6	12.5	2.81**	1.78–4.44
Substance use disorder	56	6.2	25.0	14.4	2.05*	1.01–4.24
Any psychiatric disorder	255	28.4	24.7	11.4	2.44**	1.62–3.69
Excluding Prior Psychiatric Disorder (n = 324)
PTSD	34	10.5	18.8	9.1	2.89**	2.06–9.79
Panic disorder	16	4.9	8.3	4.3	2.17	0.65–7.24
Agoraphobia	41	12.7	27.1	10.1	3.48**	1.57–7.71
Social phobia	10	3.1	0.0	3.6	0.01	0.01–0.02
OCD	10	3.1	12.5	1.4	11.44**	2.90–45.16
GAD	29	9.0	12.5	8.3	1.07	0.34–3.36
Any anxiety disorder	72	22.2	37.5	19.6	2.50*	1.23–5.09
Major depression	50	15.4	35.4	12.0	3.98**	1.87–6.25
Substance use disorder	19	5.9	14.6	4.3	3.90**	1.31–11.59
Any psychiatric disorder	96	29.6	52.1	29.7	3.16**	1.59–4.75

^**P <0.001,

^*P <0.05.

For cases excluding prior psychiatric disorder, odds ratios calculated after controlling for gender, mechanism of injury, age, and injury severity score. For cases including prior psychiatric disorder, odds ratios calculated after controlling for gender, mechanism of injury, age, injury severity score, and prior psychiatric disorder.

PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.

OCD = obsessive compulsive disorder.

GAD = generalized anxiety disorder.