Fig. 3.

Ref-1 overexpression inhibited lead (Pb)-induced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. Pb (100 µM) was administered for 24 hr in the endothelial cells transfected with Adβgal or AdRef-1. Intracellular superoxide (A) and hydrogen peroxide production (C) were evaluated using the superoxide-sensitive fluorophore dihydroethidine (DHE) and the peroxide-sensitive fluorophore 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). (B, D) The summarized data was plotted in Figs. 3B and 3D. The data are expressed as the means±SEM for 3 separate experiments. ^*p<0.05 compared with Adβgal+Pb.