TABLE 3.

Colonoscopy-related bleeding rates

Study	Study design	Clinician specialty*	Patients/procedures, n	Bleeding rate n (%); Incidence rate/1000	Bleeding requiring laparotomy (%)
Gibbs et al (22)	Retrospective	Colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists	6365 polypectomies†	13 (0.20); 2/1000	Not reported
Wexner et al (12)	Retrospective	Surgeons (n=4)	2069 patients	2 (0.10); 1/1000	Not reported
Zubarik et al (23)	Telephone survey	Colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists	1196 patients	22 (1.8); 18/1000	Not reported
Dafnis et al (24)	Retrospective	Surgeons, gastroenterologists, radiologists	6066 colonoscopies, 4304 patients	12 (0.20); 2/1000	n=2 (<0.03%) 0.3/1000
Wexner et al (13)	Prospective	Surgeons	13,580 colonoscopies	10 (0.074); 0.7/1000	Not reported
Ker et al (25)	Retrospective	Single surgeon	5120 patients	6 (0.11); 1/1000	Not reported
Nelson et al (18)	Prospective	Gastroenterologists	3196 screening colonoscopies	Major bleed‡: 7 (0.22); 2.2/1000 Minor bleed§: 6 (0.18); 1.8/1000 Overall: 13 (0.41); 4/1000	Not reported
Regula et al (60)	Prospective	Not specified	50,148 participants	13 (0.025); 0.25/1000	Not reported
Levin et al (61)	Retrospective	Endoscopists	16,318 patients	53 (0.32); 3/1000	Not reported

^*Unless shown, the number of persons performing the procedure was not reported in the paper;

^†Bleeding rate for colonoscopy not reported;

^‡Gastrointestinal bleeding with hospitalization;

^§Gastrointestinal bleeding without hospitalization