Table 4. Infant malnutrition at 6 months of age as a predictor of death between 6 and 12 months of age, Ghana, India and Peru, 1995–1997.

Malnutrition indicator at 6 months of agea		No. of deaths			Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC (95% CI)
		among malnourished	among non-malnourished
Ghana (n = 1558)
WHO child growth standards
	Stuntingb	8 of 274	19 of 1282		29.6	82.6	0.56 (0.47–0.65)
	Wastingc	5 of 113	22 of 1441		18.5	92.9	0.56 (0.48–0.63)
	Underweight	10 of 283	17 of 1275		37.0	82.2	0.60 (0.50–0.69)
NCHS growth reference
	Stuntingb	7 of 153	20 of 1403		25.9	90.5	0.58 (0.50–0.67)
	Wastingc	0 of 14	27 of 1540		0.0	99.1	0.5 (0.49–0.50)
	Underweight	5 of 144	22 of 1414		18.5	90.9	0.55 (0.47–0.62)
India (n = 1702)
WHO child growth standards
	Stuntingb	19 of 631	14 of 1065		57.6	63.2	0.60 (0.52–0.69)
	Wastingc	18 of 260	15 of 1436		54.6	85.5	0.70 (0.61–0.79)
	Underweight	22 of 660	12 of 1042		64.7	61.8	0.63 (0.55–0.71)
	Severe underweightd	17 of 246	17 of 1456		50.0	86.3	0.68 (0.60–0.77)
NCHS growth reference
	Stuntingb	18 of 443	15 of 1253		54.6	74.4	0.64 (0.56–0.73)
	Wastingc	8 of 53	25 of 1643		24.2	97.3	0.61 (0.53–0.68)
	Underweight	20 of 410	14 of 1292		58.8	76.6	0.68 (0.59–0.76)
Peru (n = 1734)
WHO child growth standards
	Stuntingb	2 of 129	4 of 1599		33.3	92.6	0.63 (0.42–0.84)
	Wastingc	1 of 13	5 of 1715		16.7	99.3	0.58 (0.42–0.74)
	Underweight	2 of 38	4 of 1696		33.3	97.9	0.66 (0.45–0.86)
NCHS growth reference
	Stuntingb	1 of 70	5 of 1658		16.7	96.0	0.56 (0.40–0.73)
	Wastingc	0 of 2	6 of 1726		0.0	99.9	0.50 (0.50–0.50)
	Underweight	1 of 14	5 of 1720		16.7	99.3	0.58 (0.42–0.74)

AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CI, confidence interval; NCHS, National Center for Health Statistics; WHO, World Health Organization.
^a Malnutrition indicators were derived using either WHO child growth standards or the NCHS growth reference.
^b Stunting could not be assessed for 2, 6 and 6 infants in Ghana, India and Peru, respectively.
^c Wasting could not be assessed for 4, 6 and 6 infants in Ghana, India and Peru, respectively.
^d Figures for the severe malnutrition indicator were calculated only when the malnutrition indicator had a high sensitivity and a low specificity.