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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 6.
Published in final edited form as: J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol. 2008 Feb 1;70(1):73–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9868.2007.00628.x

Table 5.

Simulation results for stratified outcomes with baseline odds varying by areas, true values are θX = θZ = ϕXZ = 2.00. Area-specific baseline odds assumed.

θX θZ ϕXZ
Est. (% Bias) Rel Eff Est. (% Bias) Rel Eff Est. (% Bias) Rel Eff
Logistic Regression 2.11 (5.3) 42.2 - - - -
Two-Phase Regression 2.07 (3.5) 46.5 2.05 (2.5) 81.3 - -
Finite Sample Case Control 2.03 (1.3) 100.4 2.00 (0.1) 104.6 2.05 (2.5) 98.6
Hybrid: Cases Only 2.03 (1.5) 91.9 2.00 (0.1) 86.3 2.08 (4.0) 47.4
Hybrid: Full Analysis 2.03 (1.3) 100.0 2.00 (0.2) 100.0 2.04 (2.7) 100.0