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GHK analysis of Na+ current in squid giant axons (Vandenberg and Bezanilla, 1991). The open circles were obtained using divalent-free artificial seawater. The filled circles were obtained under normal divalent cation conditions, Ca2+ = 10 mM and Mg2+ = 50 mM. The latter results are well described by (V − ENa) over the range of potentials spanned by an action potential (−70 to +40 mV) because of partial, voltage-dependent block of INa by Ca2+ and Mg2+.
